PHP预定义了6个接口介绍如下:
1.Traversable遍历接口
呵呵!其实它不是一个在PHP中可以使用的接口,内部类才可使用,它有一个用途就是检测一个类是否可以遍历。if($class instanceof Traversable) { //foreach}
2.Iterator迭代器接口
接口摘要:Iterator extends Traversable { //返回当前索引游标指向的元素 abstract public mixed current(void) //返回当前索引游标指向的元素的键名 abstract public scalar key(void) //移动当前索引游标指向下一元素 abstract public void next(void) //重置索引游标的指向第一个元素 abstract public void rewind(void) //判断当前索引游标指向的是否是一个元素,常常在调用 rewind()或 next()使用 abstract public boolean valid(void) }
以上可以让一个类实现一个基本的迭代功能,如下可以看到迭代的调用顺序:class myIterator implements Iterator { private $position = 0 ; private $array = array( "firstelement" , "secondelement" , "lastelement" , ); public function __construct () { $this -> position = 0 ; } function rewind () { var_dump ( __METHOD__ ); $this -> position = 0 ; } function current () { var_dump ( __METHOD__ ); return $this -> array [ $this -> position ]; } function key () { var_dump ( __METHOD__ ); return $this -> position ; } function next () { var_dump ( __METHOD__ ); ++ $this -> position ; } function valid () { var_dump ( __METHOD__ ); return isset( $this -> array [ $this -> position ]); }} $it = new myIterator ; foreach( $it as $key => $value ) { var_dump ( $key , $value ); echo "\n" ;}
3.IteratorAggregate聚合式迭代器接口
接口摘要:IteratorAggregate extends Traversable { //获取外部迭代器abstract public Traversable getIterator ( void )}
getIterator是一个Iterator或Traversable接口的类的一个实例。如下获取外部迭代器实现迭代访问。class myData implements IteratorAggregate { public $property1 = "Public property one" ; public $property2 = "Public property two" ; public $property3 = "Public property three" ; public function __construct () { $this -> property4 = "last property" ; } public function getIterator () { return new ArrayIterator ( $this ); }} $obj = new myData ; foreach( $obj as $key => $value ) { var_dump ( $key , $value ); echo "\n" ;}
4.ArrayAccess数组式访问接口
接口摘要:ArrayAccess { /* 方法 */ abstract public boolean offsetExists ( mixed $offset ) //检查偏移位置是否存在 abstract public mixed offsetGet ( mixed $offset ) //获取一个偏移位置的值 abstract public void offsetSet ( mixed $offset , mixed $value ) //设置一个偏移位置的值 abstract public void offsetUnset ( mixed $offset ) //复位一个偏移位置的值}
如下可像访问数组一样访问对象:class obj implements arrayaccess { private $container = array(); public function __construct () { $this -> container = array( "one" => 1 , "two" => 2 , "three" => 3 , ); } public function offsetSet ( $offset , $value ) { if ( is_null ( $offset )) { $this -> container [] = $value ; } else { $this -> container [ $offset ] = $value ; } } public function offsetExists ( $offset ) { return isset( $this -> container [ $offset ]); } public function offsetUnset ( $offset ) { unset( $this -> container [ $offset ]); } public function offsetGet ( $offset ) { return isset( $this -> container [ $offset ]) ? $this -> container [ $offset ] : null ; }} $obj = new obj ; var_dump (isset( $obj [ "two" ]));var_dump ( $obj [ "two" ]);unset( $obj [ "two" ]);var_dump (isset( $obj [ "two" ]));$obj [ "two" ] = "A value" ;var_dump ( $obj [ "two" ]);$obj [] = 'Append 1' ;$obj [] = 'Append 2' ;$obj [] = 'Append 3' ;print_r ( $obj );
5.Serializable序列化接口
接口摘要:Serializable { /* 方法 */ abstract public string serialize ( void ) //对象的字符串表示 abstract public mixed unserialize ( string $serialized ) // 构造对象}
实现该接口的类不再支持__sleep()和__wakeup()。使用很简单,只要序列化对象时serialize方法会被调用,当反序列化时,unserialize方法被调用。class obj implements Serializable { private $data ; public function __construct () { $this -> data = "My private data" ; } public function serialize () { return serialize ( $this -> data ); } public function unserialize ( $data ) { $this -> data = unserialize ( $data ); } public function getData () { return $this -> data ; }} $obj = new obj ;$ser = serialize ( $obj );print_r($ser);$newobj = unserialize ( $ser );print_r($newobj);
6.Closure
接口摘要:Closure { /* 方法 */ __construct ( void ) //用于禁止实例化的构造函数 public static Closure bind ( Closure $closure , object $newthis [, mixed $newscope = 'static' ] ) //复制一个闭包,绑定指定的$this对象和类作用域。 public Closure bindTo ( object $newthis [, mixed $newscope = 'static' ] ) //复制当前闭包对象,绑定指定的$this对象和类作用域。}
class A { private static $sfoo = 1 ; private $ifoo = 2 ;} $cl1 = static function() { return A :: $sfoo ;}; $cl2 = function() { return $this -> ifoo ;}; $bcl1 = Closure :: bind ( $cl1 , null , 'A' ); $bcl2 = Closure :: bind ( $cl2 , new A (), 'A' );echo $bcl1 (), "\n" ;echo $bcl2 (), "\n" ;
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