mysql wait millis4002_Mysql + Keepalived 实现双主互备高可用详细配置

Mysql+Keepalived双主互备架构搭架

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配置前进行校时操作

#安装ntpdate工具

yum install ntpdate -y

#使用ntpdate校时(后面的是ntp服务器)

ntpdate pool.ntp.org

一、配置mysql双主备

0.测试mysql安装

yum install mariadb mariadb-server -y

systemctl restart mariadb

systemctl enable mariadb

mysql_secure_installation

1.DB1修改配置文件(需重启)

vim /etc/my.cnf

#在[mysqld]添加

server-id=166

#开启mysql日志功能

log-bin=mysql-bin

#定义日志命名格式

relay-log=mysql-relay-bin

#以下table复制过滤

#replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.%

#replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.%

#replicate-wild-ignore-table=performance_schema.%

2.DB2修改配置文件(需重启)

vim /etc/my.cnf

#在[mysqld]添加

server-id=168

#开启mysql日志功能

log-bin=mysql-bin

#定义日志命名格式

relay-log=mysql-relay-bin

3.DB1,DB2分别创建复制帐号

mysql -u root -p

#创建用户slave_up允许从192.168.1网段登录

create user 'slave_cp'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'pass';

grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave_cp'@'192.168.1.%';

exit

4.DB1获取二进制日志信息

mysql -u root -p

#对数据库进行只读锁定(防止查看二进制日志同时有人对数据库修改操作)

flush tables with read lock;

#查询主机二进制文件信息

show master status;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| mysql-bin.000001 | 494 | | |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#解除只读锁定

unlock tables;

exit

5.同步数据库

#DB1

#备份主数据库,并上传给从数据库

mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --all-databases --lock-all-tables >/tmp/dbdump.sql

scp /tmp/dbdump.sql 192.168.1.168:/tmp/

#DB2

#从服务器导入主服务器数据库

mysql -uroot -p

6.在DB2上将DB1设置为主服务器

#开启mysql防火墙端口

firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --reload

change master to

master_host='192.168.1.168' ,

master_user='slave_cp',

master_password='pass',

master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',

master_log_pos=494;

#启动slave

start slave;

#查看是否正常工作

show slave status\G

exit

7.在DB2获取二进制日志信息

mysql -u root -p

#对数据库进行只读锁定(防止查看二进制日志同时有人对数据库修改操作)

flush tables with read lock;

#查询主机二进制文件信息

show master status;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| mysql-bin.000001 | 513721| | |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#解除只读锁定

unlock tables;

exit

8.在DB1将DB2设置为主服务器

change master to

master_host='192.168.1.168' ,

master_user='slave_cp',

master_password='pass',

master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',

master_log_pos=513721;

#启动slave

start slave;

#查看是否正常工作

show slave status\G

exit

二、Keepalived配置(/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf)(yum install keepalived -y)(注意:关闭selinux策略 setenforce 0)

1.keepalived配置文件配置

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {

#设置报警通知邮件地址,可以设置多个

notification_email {

msun1996@163.com

}

#设置邮件的发送地址

notification_email_from keepalived@msun.com

#设置smtp server的地址,该地址必须是存在的

smtp_server 127.0.0.1

#设置连接smtp server的超时时间

smtp_connect_timeout 30

#运行Keepalived服务器的标识,发邮件时显示在邮件标题中的信息

router_id mysql_msun

}

#检测haproxy脚本

vrrp_script chk_mysql {

script "/etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/check_slave.sh"

interval 2

weight 2

}

#定义VRRP实例,实例名自定义

vrrp_instance mysql_msun {

#指定Keepalived的角色,MASTER主机 BACKUP备份

state BACKUP #此处两个都设置为BACKUP

#指定HA监测的接口

interface eno16777736

#虚拟路由标识,这个标识是一个数字(1-255),在一个VRRP实例中主备服务器ID必须一样

virtual_router_id 68

#优先级,数字越大优先级越高,在一个实例中主服务器优先级要高于备服务器

priority 100 #从服务器99

#设置主备之间同步检查的时间间隔单位秒

advert_int 1

#设置不抢占模式(DB1设置即可)

nopreempt

#设置验证类型和密码

authentication {

#验证类型有两种{PASS|HA}

auth_type PASS

#设置验证密码,在一个实例中主备密码保持一样

auth_pass 1689

}

track_script {

chk_mysql # 执行监控的服务

}

#定义虚拟IP地址,可以有多个,每行一个

virtual_ipaddress {

192.168.1.160

}

}

2.创建监控脚本(/etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/check_slave.sh)

#!/bin/bash

#This scripts is check for Mysql Slave status

Mysqlbin=/usr/bin/mysql

user=root

pw='123456'

port=3306

host=127.0.0.1

#最大延时

sbm=120

#Check for $Mysqlbin

if [ ! -f $Mysqlbin ];then

echo 'Mysqlbin not found,check the variable Mysqlbin'

exit 99

fi

#Get Mysql Slave Status

IOThread=`$Mysqlbin -h $host -P $port -u$user -p$pw -e 'show slave status\G' 2>/dev/null|grep 'Slave_IO_Running:'|awk '{print $NF}'`

SQLThread=`$Mysqlbin -h $host -P $port -u$user -p$pw -e 'show slave status\G' 2>/dev/null|grep 'Slave_SQL_Running:'|awk '{print $NF}'`

SBM=`$Mysqlbin -h $host -P $port -u$user -p$pw -e 'show slave status\G' 2>/dev/null|grep 'Seconds_Behind_Master:'|awk '{print $NF}'`

#Check if the mysql run

if [[ -z "$IOThread" ]];then

exit 1

fi

#Check if the thread run

if [[ "$IOThread" == "No" || "$SQLThread" == "No" ]];then

exit 1

elif [[ $SBM -ge $sbm ]];then

exit 1

else

exit 0

fi

3.防火墙策略

#运行VPPR组播(keepalived)

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich='rule family="ipv4" destination address="224.0.0.18" protocol value="vrrp" accept'

firewall-cmd --reload

4.测试

1.正常启动DB1、DB2信息

[root@DB1 ~]# ip a

1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eno16777736: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:43:30:13 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.1.166/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eno16777736

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet 192.168.1.160/32 scope global eno16777736

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe43:3013/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@DB2 ~]# ip a

1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eno16777736: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:da:7d:9d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.1.168/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eno16777736

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feda:7d9d/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2.关闭DB1数据库,观察IP

[root@DB1 ~]# systemctl stop mariadb

[root@DB1 ~]# ip a

1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eno16777736: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:43:30:13 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.1.166/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eno16777736

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 2001:da8:4002:3301:20c:29ff:fe43:3013/64 scope global noprefixroute dynamic

valid_lft 2591817sec preferred_lft 604617sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe43:3013/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@DB2 ~]# ip a

1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eno16777736: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:da:7d:9d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.1.168/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eno16777736

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet 192.168.1.160/32 scope global eno16777736

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 2001:da8:4002:3301:20c:29ff:feda:7d9d/64 scope global noprefixroute dynamic

valid_lft 2591669sec preferred_lft 604469sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feda:7d9d/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3.重启主机mariadb,观察IP

[root@DB1 ~]# ip a #DB1不切换成主机(因为设置为不抢占模式)

1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eno16777736: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:43:30:13 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.1.166/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eno16777736

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 2001:da8:4002:3301:20c:29ff:fe43:3013/64 scope global noprefixroute dynamic

valid_lft 2591605sec preferred_lft 604405sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe43:3013/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@DB2 ~]# ip a

1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eno16777736: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:da:7d:9d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.1.168/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eno16777736

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet 192.168.1.160/32 scope global eno16777736

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 2001:da8:4002:3301:20c:29ff:feda:7d9d/64 scope global noprefixroute dynamic

valid_lft 2591533sec preferred_lft 604333sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feda:7d9d/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4.再次关闭DB2的maraiadb,问题出现了,预想当DB2宕机,IP未能正常漂移!!!

[root@DB2 ~]# systemctl stop mariadb

[root@DB2 ~]# ip a

1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eno16777736: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:da:7d:9d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.1.168/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eno16777736

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet 192.168.1.160/32 scope global eno16777736

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 2001:da8:4002:3301:20c:29ff:feda:7d9d/64 scope global noprefixroute dynamic

valid_lft 2591326sec preferred_lft 604126sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feda:7d9d/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@DB1 ~]# ip a

1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eno16777736: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:43:30:13 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.1.166/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eno16777736

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 2001:da8:4002:3301:20c:29ff:fe43:3013/64 scope global noprefixroute dynamic

valid_lft 2591241sec preferred_lft 604041sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe43:3013/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

关于这个问题的思考:

先说说本案例中采用的是Keepalived+mysql的组合,Keepalived用了双备模式,采用脚本检测应用是否正常来决定keepalived的权重,从而让正常的数据库能得到VIP而正常工作,考虑到了如果DB1宕掉(仅mysql服务)(DB1的权重会低于DB2),DB2接管服务,而DB1再次正常时(权重又会高于DB2),为了避免数据库来回切换,而在DB1的keepalived配置中设置了不抢占模式来避免此问题。但是,导致了一个新的问题,就算是DB2的数据库不正常工作,(权重更低于DB2),但因为DB1不抢占模式,DB2仍然会占有VIP,(除非是Keepalived服务宕掉)。

关于这个问题的思考解决方案:

1.keepalived取消使用不抢占模式,从而使主机切换正常,但这样也就使DB1的数据库服务宕掉再正常启动时,会抢占DB2的VIP,使数据库进行不必要的切换。

2.修改检测脚本,keepalived使用检测脚本正常时返回0,不正常时,直接让keepalived服务本身宕掉。这样情况下,DB1服务mysql服务再次正常(并启动keepalived),不会抢占DB2的VIP;当DB2mysql服务不正常工作时,(会自动停止keepalived),从而使DB1正常得到VIP。

#!/bin/bash

#This scripts is check for Mysql Slave status

Mysqlbin=/usr/bin/mysql

user=root

pw='123456'

port=3306

host=127.0.0.1

#最大延时

sbm=120

#Check for $Mysqlbin

if [ ! -f $Mysqlbin ];then

echo 'Mysqlbin not found,check the variable Mysqlbin'

pkill keepalived

fi

#Get Mysql Slave Status

IOThread=`$Mysqlbin -h $host -P $port -u$user -p$pw -e 'show slave status\G' 2>/dev/null|grep 'Slave_IO_Running:'|awk '{print $NF}'`

SQLThread=`$Mysqlbin -h $host -P $port -u$user -p$pw -e 'show slave status\G' 2>/dev/null|grep 'Slave_SQL_Running:'|awk '{print $NF}'`

SBM=`$Mysqlbin -h $host -P $port -u$user -p$pw -e 'show slave status\G' 2>/dev/null|grep 'Seconds_Behind_Master:'|awk '{print $NF}'`

#Check if the mysql run

if [[ -z "$IOThread" ]];then

pkill keepalived

fi

#Check if the thread run

if [[ "$IOThread" == "No" || "$SQLThread" == "No" ]];then

pkill keepalived

elif [[ $SBM -ge $sbm ]];then

pkill keepalived

else

exit 0

fi

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