该文探讨了如何放大化学和生物分子在扫描隧道显微镜(STM)上的特征THz频率振荡，同时分析了1/f噪声对STM检测的相位噪声影响。量子1/f噪声主要来源于隧道电流噪声和压电传感器反馈环路中的噪声，这些因素限制了STM的谱传感分辨率。通过计算，得出STM的量子1/f噪声及其对成像分辨率的影响，并与实验数据进行比较，揭示了STM图像分辨率的界限。
摘要：
It may be possible to amplify the characteristic THz frequency oscillations of chemical and biological agents that contaminate surfaces or samples examined with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). This THz spectral signature of the biochemical molecules competes with the frequency fluctuations introduced as phase noise close to the examined THz frequency by the 1/f fluctuations of the tunneling resistance, of the resistance of the STM tip, and of the spreading resistance in the sample. Indeed, as we show below, the achievable spectral sensing resolution is Deltaomega/omega = [2 C ln 2rceil1/2 = [2 ln 2(fSR/R2)/4Qt 4rceil1/2 = [1.66 ldr 10-12rceil1/2 = 1.3 ldr 10-6. Therefore, we have calculated the quantum 1/f noise of STMs for the first time, also determining the STM image resolution limits, including both the conventional and coherent quantum 1/f (Q1/f) effects. The main contributions are found to be quantum 1/f tunneling current noise, and quantum 1/f effect in the piezoelectric transducers in the feedback loop that controls the position of the needle above the sample. The results are compared with experimental data on STM resolution.
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