android 单利模式代码,Android源码学习之单例模式应用及优点介绍

单例模式定义：

Ensure a class has only one instance, and provide a global point of access to it.

动态确保某一个类只有一个实例，而且自行实例化并向整个系统提供这个实例。

如上图所示(截取自《Head First Design Patterns》一书)。

通过使用private的构造函数确保了在一个应用中产生一个实例，并且是自行实例化(在Singleton中自己使用new Singleton())。

具体单例模式有什么优点呢：

由于单例模式在内存中只有一个实例，减少了内存开销。

单例模式可以避免对资源的多重占用，例如一个写文件时，由于只有一个实例存在内存中，避免对同一个资源文件的同时写操作。

单例模式可以再系统设置全局的访问点，优化和共享资源访问。

其中使用到单例模式时，考虑较多的就是多线程的情况下如何防止被多线程同时创建等问题，其中《Head First Design Patterns》使用到“double-checked locking”来降低使用synchronization。

public class Singleton {

/* The volatile keyword ensures that multiple threads

* handle the uniqueInstance variable correctly when it

* is being initialized to the Singleton instance.

* */

private volatile static Singleton uniqueInstance;

private Singleton() {}

public static Singleton getInstance() {

if(uniqueInstance == null) {

synchronized (Singleton.class) {

if(uniqueInstance == null) {

uniqueInstance = new Singleton();

}

}

}

return uniqueInstance;

}

}

在Android源码中，使用到单例模式的例子很多，如：

一、 如InputMethodManager类

public final class InputMethodManager {

static final boolean DEBUG = false;

static final String TAG = "InputMethodManager";

static final Object mInstanceSync = new Object();

static InputMethodManager mInstance;

final IInputMethodManager mService;

final Looper mMainLooper;

创建唯一的实例static InputMethodManager mInstance;

/**

* Retrieve the global InputMethodManager instance, creating it if it

* doesn't already exist.

* @hide

*/

static public InputMethodManager getInstance(Context context) {

return getInstance(context.getMainLooper());

}

/**

* Internally, the input method manager can't be context-dependent, so

* we have this here for the places that need it.

* @hide

*/

static public InputMethodManager getInstance(Looper mainLooper) {

synchronized (mInstanceSync) {

if (mInstance != null) {

return mInstance;

}

IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(Context.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE);

IInputMethodManager service = IInputMethodManager.Stub.asInterface(b);

mInstance = new InputMethodManager(service, mainLooper);

}

return mInstance;

}

防止多线程同时创建实例：

synchronized (mInstanceSync) {

if (mInstance != null) {

return mInstance;

}

当没有创建实例对象时，调用mInstance = new InputMethodManager(service, mainLooper);

其中类构造函数如下所示：

InputMethodManager(IInputMethodManager service, Looper looper) {

mService = service;

mMainLooper = looper;

mH = new H(looper);

mIInputContext = new ControlledInputConnectionWrapper(looper,

mDummyInputConnection);

if (mInstance == null) {

mInstance = this;

}

}

二、BluetoothOppManager类

public class BluetoothOppManager {

private static final String TAG = "BluetoothOppManager";

private static final boolean V = Constants.VERBOSE;

// 创建private static类实例

private static BluetoothOppManager INSTANCE;

/** Used when obtaining a reference to the singleton instance. */

private static Object INSTANCE_LOCK = new Object();

。。。

/**

* Get singleton instance.

*/

public static BluetoothOppManager getInstance(Context context) {

synchronized (INSTANCE_LOCK) {

if (INSTANCE == null) {

INSTANCE = new BluetoothOppManager();

}

INSTANCE.init(context);

return INSTANCE;

}

}

三、AccessibilityManager类

public final class AccessibilityManager {

private static final boolean DEBUG = false;

private static final String LOG_TAG = "AccessibilityManager";

/** @hide */

public static final int STATE_FLAG_ACCESSIBILITY_ENABLED = 0x00000001;

/** @hide */

public static final int STATE_FLAG_TOUCH_EXPLORATION_ENABLED = 0x00000002;

static final Object sInstanceSync = new Object();

private static AccessibilityManager sInstance;

...

/**

* Get an AccessibilityManager instance (create one if necessary).

*

* @hide

*/

public static AccessibilityManager getInstance(Context context) {

synchronized (sInstanceSync) {

if (sInstance == null) {

IBinder iBinder = ServiceManager.getService(Context.ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE);

IAccessibilityManager service = IAccessibilityManager.Stub.asInterface(iBinder);

sInstance = new AccessibilityManager(context, service);

}

}

return sInstance;

}

/**

* Create an instance.

*

* @param context A {@link Context}.

* @param service An interface to the backing service.

*

* @hide

*/

public AccessibilityManager(Context context, IAccessibilityManager service) {

mHandler = new MyHandler(context.getMainLooper());

mService = service;

try {

final int stateFlags = mService.addClient(mClient);

setState(stateFlags);

} catch (RemoteException re) {

Log.e(LOG_TAG, "AccessibilityManagerService is dead", re);

}

}

等等。。。

新年的第一周的开始，从最简单的单例模式开始记录自己的学习过程吧~~~