设置oracle保留7份有效备份,rman从多份备份中还原操作 – 提供7*24专业数据库(Oracle,SQL Server,MySQL等)恢复和Oracle技术服务@Tel:+86 1342964...

1、现象重现

RMAN> shutdown immediate

database dismounted

Oracle instance shut down

RMAN> startup

connected to target database (not started)

Oracle instance started

database mounted

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of startup command at 11/18/2011 14:40:40

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 11 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 11: '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei03.dbf'

RMAN> restore datafile 11;

Starting restore at 2011-11-18 14:41:04

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=157 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00011

input datafile copy recid=13 stamp=767543949 filename=/tmp/11.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00011: /opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei03.dbf

ORA-19505: failed to identify file "/tmp/11.dbf"

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

ORA-19600: input file is datafile-copy 13 (/tmp/11.dbf)

ORA-19601: output file is datafile 11 (/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei03.dbf)

failover to previous backup

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

restoring datafile 00011 to /opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei03.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /tmp/test_full_01mrkqdh_1_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/tmp/test_full_01mrkqdh_1_1 tag=TAG20111114T124433

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

Finished restore at 2011-11-18 14:41:08

虽然整个过程datafile 11恢复成功了，但是在恢复过程中，先是去读取/tmp/11.dbf的copy文件，读取这个文件失败，然后继续使用/tmp/test_full_01mrkqdh_1_1来恢复数据文件，为什么会出现这样的情况呢？

2、原因分析

RMAN> list copy of datafile 11;

List of Datafile Copies

Key File S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name

------- ---- - ------------------- ---------- ------------------- ----

13 11 A 2011-11-18 14:39:09 11517136 2011-11-14 12:44:33 /tmp/11.dbf

--确实存在datafile 11的copy文件/tmp/11.dbf,并且有效

--checkpoint time为:2011-11-14 12:44:33，创建时间为:2011-11-18 14:39:09

RMAN> list backup of datafile 11;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------

1 Full 9.32G DISK 00:04:24 2011-11-14 12:48:57

BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20111114T124433

Piece Name: /tmp/test_full_01mrkqdh_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 1

File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name

---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----

11 Full 11517136 2011-11-14 12:44:33 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei03.dbf

--backupset中也有datafile 11

--checkpoint time为:2011-11-14 12:44:33，创建时间为:2011-11-14 12:48:57

--通过比较这两个关于datafile 11的备份时间，rman自动选择了创建时间比较新的备份恢复

RMAN> crosscheck copy of datafile 11;

released channel: ORA_DISK_1

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=157 devtype=DISK

validation failed for datafile copy

datafile copy filename=/tmp/11.dbf recid=13 stamp=767543949

Crosschecked 1 objects

RMAN> list copy of datafile 11;

List of Datafile Copies

Key File S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name

------- ---- - ------------------- ---------- ------------------- ----

13 11 X 2011-11-18 14:39:09 11517136 2011-11-14 12:44:33 /tmp/11.dbf

--通过检测发现/tmp/11.dbf是无效的，所以rman继续使用backupset进行恢复datafile 11

在有些时候，当rman对中关于一个对象的备份有多个(备份时间不一致),rman会从最新备份的开始还原，如果第一个失败，使用下一个备份，但是在有些时候可能第一个失败后，rman不自动使用下一个，这个时候的处理思路是:使用crosscheck backup/copy检测无效的备份，删除掉，继续执行