java http请求模板_RestTemplate发送HTTP请求

Spring 中的 RestTemplate 可以很方便的发送HTTP请求，来看看如何使用

RestTemplate 发送 GET 请求

RestAPI - 通过@RequestParam接收参数的GET接口

@RequestMapping(value = "accounts/filter", method = RequestMethod.GET)

public Account filter(@RequestParam String name, @RequestParam Integer age) {

return new Account(new Random().nextLong(), name, age, "********");

}

RestTemplate Demo

/**

* 使用 RestTemplate 发送 GET 请求

* RestTemplate 发送 GET 请求时，如果需要传入参数，需要以示例方法 url 的方式传入

* RestTemplate有两组方法发送 Get 请求

*

* restTemplate.getForObject(String url, Class responseType, Map uriVariables)

* restTemplate.getForEntity(String url, Class responseType, Map uriVariables)

*

* restTemplate.getForObject是对restTemplate.getForEntity的简化，

* 通过restTemplate.getForEntity，我们可以获取HttpStatus的相关信息并加以使用.

* 如果我们不关心 HttpStatus，那么使用 restTemplate.getForObject() 即可.

*/

@Test

public void getMethodTest() {

// http://ip:port/project-name/accounts/filter

String url = "http://192.168.1.121:9001/rest-server/accounts/filter?name={name}&age={age}";

RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

Map params = new HashMap<>();

params.put("age", "26");

params.put("name", "lee");

Account account = restTemplate.getForObject(url, Account.class, params);

System.out.println(account);

// 上面 2 行等价于下面 5 行

/*ResponseEntity responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, Account.class, params);

if (responseEntity.getStatusCode().is2xxSuccessful()) {

Account account1 = responseEntity.getBody();

System.out.println(account1);

}*/

}

RestAPI - 通过@PathVariable提取url变量的GET接口

@RequestMapping(value = "accounts/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)

public Account get(@PathVariable("id") Long id, @RequestParam String name) {

return new Account(id, name, 18, "!@#$%^&*");

}

RestTemplate Demo

@Test

public void getMethodTest2() {

String url = "http://192.168.1.121:9001/rest-server/accounts/{id}?name={name}";

RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

Map params = new HashMap<>();

params.put("id", "100001");

params.put("name", "libai");

Account account = restTemplate.getForObject(url, Account.class, params);

Assert.assertEquals(account.toString(), "Account{id=100001, age=18, name='libai', pwd='!@#$%^&*'}");

}

使用 RestTemplate 发送 POST 请求

RestAPI - 使用@RequestBody接收请求参数的POST接口

@RequestMapping(value = "accounts", method = RequestMethod.POST)

public Account create(@RequestBody Account account) {

return account;

}

RestTemplate Demo

/**

* 使用 RestTemplate 发送 POST 请求

* 请求接口：{@link RestServer#create(Account)}

*

* 根据接口{@link RestServer#create(Account)}的要求，我们需要使用Payload提交方式来提交数据

* Payload提交方式区别于Form提交方式

* Form提交方式提交的数据，服务端可以通过{@link HttpServletRequest#getParameter(String)}方法获取，

* 体现在SpringMVC框架中，即数据参数通过 {@link org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam} 注解绑定获取

* Payload提交方式提交的数据，服务端可以通过{@link HttpServletRequest#getInputStream()}方法获取，

* 体现在SpringMVC框架中，即数据参数通过 {@link org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody} 注解绑定获取

*

* RestTemplate 默认使用 Payload 方式提交数据，数据的格式是 json。

* 即本示例中 params 会被格式化成 json 格式数据，并放在request body中发送给服务端

*/

@Test

public void postMethodTest() {

String url = "http://192.168.1.121:9001/rest-server/accounts";

RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

Map params = new HashMap<>();

params.put("id", "100001");

params.put("name", "李白");

params.put("age", "100001");

params.put("pwd", "&*()#$%^");

Account account = restTemplate.postForObject(url, params, Account.class);

System.out.println(account);

}

RestAPI - 使用@RequestParam接收请求参数的POST接口

@RequestMapping(value = "accounts/create", method = RequestMethod.POST)

public Account create(@RequestParam Long id,

@RequestParam String name,

@RequestParam Integer age,

@RequestParam String pwd) {

return new Account(id, name, age, pwd);

}

RestTemplate Demo

/**

* 使用 RestTemplate 发送 POST 请求

* 请求接口：{@link RestServer#create(Long, String, Integer, String)}

*

* 根据接口 {@link RestServer#create(Long, String, Integer, String)}的要求，我们需要使用Form提交方式来提交数据

* RestTemplate 默认使用 Payload 方式提交数据，想要使用Form方式提交，需要通过 HttpHeaders 设置

* 另外，多个参数需要使用{@link LinkedMultiValueMap}来封装

*/

@Test

public void postMethodTest2() {

String url = "http://192.168.1.121:9001/rest-server/accounts/create";

RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

// 此处不能换成 HashMap

MultiValueMap params = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();

params.add("id", "100001");

params.add("name", "杜甫");

params.add("age", "100001");

params.add("pwd", "&*()#$%^");

// 通过 HttpHeaders 设置Form方式提交

HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);

HttpEntity> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<>(params, headers);

Account account = restTemplate.postForObject(url, httpEntity, Account.class);

System.out.println(account);

}

使用 RestTemplate 发送带有 HttpHeader 信息的请求

RestAPI - 使用@RequestHeader获取请求头信息的POST接口

@RequestMapping(value = "accounts/authorization", method = RequestMethod.POST)

public Account create(@RequestHeader("authorization") String authorization,

@RequestHeader("token") String token,

@RequestBody Account account) {

if (authorization.equals("12345678") && token.equals("bce235emn97jjf00")) {

return account;

}

return new Account();

}

RestTemplate Demo

@Test

public void httpHeaderTest() {

String url = "http://192.168.1.121:9001/rest-server/accounts/authorization";

HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

headers.add("authorization", "12345678");

headers.add("token", "bce235emn97jjf00");

Map params = new HashMap<>();

params.put("id", "100001");

params.put("name", "李白");

params.put("age", "100001");

params.put("pwd", "&*()#$%^");

HttpEntity> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<>(params, headers);

RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

Account account = restTemplate.postForObject(url, httpEntity, Account.class);

System.out.println(account.toString());

}

使用 RestTemplate 进行文件上传

使用@RequestPart接收文件上传请求的POST接口

@RequestMapping(value = "accounts/logo", method = RequestMethod.POST)

public boolean changeLogo(@RequestPart("logo") MultipartFile file,

@RequestParam(value = "nickname", required = false) String nickname) throws IOException {

String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();

File f = new File(fileName);

file.transferTo(f);

System.out.println(f.getAbsolutePath());

return true;

}

RestTemplate Demo

@Test

public void uploadImgTest() {

String url = "http://192.168.1.121:9001/rest-server/accounts/logo";

HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

headers.setContentType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);

MultiValueMap params = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();

params.add("logo", new FileSystemResource("C:\\Users\\lixiangke\\Pictures\\Saved Pictures\\jdsadh.jpg"));

params.add("nickname", "nick");

HttpEntity> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<>(params, headers);

RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

String str = restTemplate.postForObject(url, httpEntity, String.class);

System.out.println(str);

}

Account.java

package com.springboot.web.rest_template;

/**

* @author lixiangke

* @date 2017/12/25

*/

public class Account {

private Long id;

private int age;

private String name;

private String pwd;

public Account() {

}

public Account(Long id, String name, int age, String pwd) {

this.id = id;

this.age = age;

this.name = name;

this.pwd = pwd;

}

public Long getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(Long id) {

this.id = id;

}

public int getAge() {

return age;

}

public void setAge(int age) {

this.age = age;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public String getPwd() {

return pwd;

}

public void setPwd(String pwd) {

this.pwd = pwd;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "Account{" +

"id=" + id +

", age=" + age +

", name='" + name + '\'' +

", pwd='" + pwd + '\'' +

'}';

}

}