mysql嵌套建表语句_手撸Mysql原生语句--多表

在开始之前，我们需要建立表，做建表和数据的准备的工作。

1.建表

create table department(

id int,

name varchar(20)

);

create table employee(

id int primary key auto_increment,

name varchar(20),

sex enmu('male','female') not null default = 'male',

age int,

dep_id int,

constraint fk_id foreign key(dep_id) references department(id),

);

2.插入数据

insert into department values

(200,'技术'),

(201,'人力资源'),

(202,'销售'),

(203,'运营');

insert into employee (name,sex,age,dep_id)values

('egon','male',18,200),

('alex','female',48,201),

('wupeiqi','male',38,201),

('yuanhao','female',28,202),

('liwenzhou','male',18,200),

('jingliyang','female',18,204);

# 查看表结构

desc department;

desc employee;

# 查看我们插入的数据

select * from department;

select * from employee;

多表的查询，我们主要是分为两种查询，这两种查询分别是多表连接查询和子查询两种情况。

多表连接查询

1.交叉连接：不适用任何匹配条件。生成笛卡尔积。

select * from employee,department;

2.内连接

# 找两张表共有部分，相当于利用笛卡儿积结果中筛选出正确的结果。

# department没有204这个部门，因而employee表中关于204这条员工信息没有匹配出来

select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,employee.sex,department.name from employee inner join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;

上面的sql语句等价于下面的sql语句

select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,employee.sex,department.name from employee,department where employee.dep_id=department.id;

3.外连接之左连接：优先显示左表全部记录

# 以左表为标准，即找出所有员工信息，当然包括没有部门的员工

# 本质就是：在内连接的基础上增加左边有而右边没有的结果

select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee letf join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;

4.外连接之右连接：优先显示右表全部记录

# 以右表为标准，即找出所有部门信息，包括没有员工的部门

# 本质就是：在内连接的基础上增加右边有而左边没有的结果

select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee right join department on empolyee.dep_id=department.id;

5.全外连接：显示左右两个表全部的记录

select * from employee left join department on employee.dep_id = department.id

union

select * from employee right join department on employee.dep_id = department.id;

#注意 union与union all的区别：union会去掉相同的纪录

6.符合条件连接查询

# 实例1：以内连接的方式查询employee和department表，并且employee表中的age字段值必须大于25，即找出年龄大于25岁的员工以及员工所在的部门

select employee.name,department.name from employee inner join department on employee.dep_id=department.id where age > 25;

#示例2：以内连接的方式查询employee和department表，并且以age字段的升序方式显示

select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,department.name from employee inner join department on employee.dep_id=department.id order by age asc;

子查询

# 1.子查询是将一个查询语句嵌套在另外一个查询语句中。

# 2.内层查询语句的查询结果，可以为外层查询语句提供查询条件。

#3：子查询中可以包含：IN、NOT IN、ANY、ALL、EXISTS 和 NOT EXISTS等关键字

#4：还可以包含比较运算符：= 、 !=、> 、

1.带IN关键字的子查询

#查询平均年龄在25岁以上的部门名

select id,name from department

where id in

(select dep_id from employee group by dep_id having avg(age) > 25);

这两个sql语句是等价的。

select department.name from employee inner join department on employee.dep_id=department.id where employee.age > (select avg(age) from employee group by dep_id);

#查看技术部员工姓名

select name from employee

where dep_id in

(select id from department where name='技术');

#查看不足1人的部门名(子查询得到的是有人的部门id)

select name from department where id not in (select distinct dep_id from employee);

2.带比较运算符的子查询

#比较运算符：=、!=、>、>=、

#查询大于所有人平均年龄的员工名与年龄

mysql> select name,age from emp where age > (select avg(age) from emp);

+---------+------+

| name | age |

+---------+------+

| alex | 48 |

| wupeiqi | 38 |

+---------+------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#查询大于部门内平均年龄的员工名、年龄

select t1.name,t1.age from emp t1

inner join

(select dep_id,avg(age) avg_age from emp group by dep_id) t2

on t1.dep_id = t2.dep_id

where t1.age > t2.avg_age;

3 带EXISTS关键字的子查询

EXISTS关字键字表示存在。在使用EXISTS关键字时，内层查询语句不返回查询的记录。

而是返回一个真假值。True或False

当返回True时，外层查询语句将进行查询；当返回值为False时，外层查询语句不进行查询

#department表中存在dept_id=203，Ture

mysql> select * from employee

-> where exists

-> (select id from department where id=200);

+----+------------+--------+------+--------+

| id | name | sex | age | dep_id |

+----+------------+--------+------+--------+

| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 |

| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 |

| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 |

| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 |

| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 |

| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 |

+----+------------+--------+------+--------+

#department表中存在dept_id=205，False

mysql> select * from employee

-> where exists

-> (select id from department where id=204);

Empty set (0.00 sec)