Linux 变量同步,Linux环境编程之同步(二)：条件变量

相互排斥锁用于上锁，条件变量则用于等待。条件变量是类型为pthread_cond_t的变量。一般使用例如以下函数：

#include

int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *cptr, pthread_mutex_t *mptr);

int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cptr);

每一个条件变量总是有一个相互排斥锁与之关联。调用pthread_cond_wait等待某个条件为真时，还会指定其条件变量的地址和所关联的相互排斥锁的地址。

使用条件变量的生产者-消费者程序例如以下：

#include

#include

#include

#include

#define MAXNITEMS1000000

#define MAXNTHREADS100

/*globals shared by threads*/

int nitems;/*read-only by producer and consumer*/

intbuff[MAXNITEMS];

struct{

pthread_mutex_tmutex;

intnput;/*next index to store*/

int nval;/*next value to store*/

}put = {

PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER

};

struct{

pthread_mutex_t mutex;

pthread_cond_tcond;

intnready;/*number ready for consumer*/

}nready={

PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER

};

int min(int a, int b)

{

return (a < b) ? (a) : (b);

}

void *produce(void *), *consume(void *);

int

main(int argc, char **argv)

{

int i, nthreads, count[MAXNTHREADS];

pthread_ttid_produce[MAXNTHREADS], tid_consume;

if(argc != 3){

printf("usage:produces6 .\n");

return -1;

}

nitems = min(atoi(argv[1]), MAXNITEMS);

nthreads = min(atoi(argv[2]), MAXNTHREADS);

/*create all producers and one consumer*/

pthread_setconcurrency(nthreads + 1);

for(i = 0; i < nthreads; i++){

count[i] = 0;

pthread_create(&tid_produce[i], NULL, produce, &count[i]);

}

pthread_create(&tid_consume, NULL, consume, NULL);

/*wait for all producers and the consumer*/

for(i = 0; i < nthreads; i++){

pthread_join(tid_produce[i], NULL);

printf("count[%d] = %d\n", i, count[i]);

}

pthread_join(tid_consume, NULL);

exit(0);

}

void *

produce(void *arg)

{

for(;;){

pthread_mutex_lock(&put.mutex);

if(put.nput >= nitems){

pthread_mutex_unlock(&put.mutex);

return (NULL);/*array is full, we're done*/

}

buff[put.nput] = put.nval;

put.nput++;

put.nval++;

pthread_mutex_unlock(&put.mutex);

pthread_mutex_lock(&nready.mutex);

if(nready.nready == 0){

pthread_cond_signal(&nready.cond);

}

nready.nready++;

pthread_mutex_unlock(&nready.mutex);

*((int *)arg) += 1;

}

}

void *

consume(void *arg)

{

inti;

for(i = 0; i < nitems; i++){

pthread_mutex_lock(&nready.mutex);

while(nready.nready == 0)

pthread_cond_wait(&nready.cond, &nready.mutex);

nready.nready--;

pthread_mutex_unlock(&nready.mutex);

if(buff[i] != i)

printf("buff[%d] = %d\n", i, buff[i]);

}

return(NULL);

}