Redis是一个著名的key-value存储系统,而作为其官方推荐的Java版客户端jedis也非常强大和稳定,支持事务、管道及有jedis自身实现的分布式。
在这里对jedis关于事务、管道和分布式的调用方式做一个简单的介绍和对比:
一、普通同步方式
最简单和基础的调用方式,
@Testpublic voidtest1Normal() {
Jedis jedis= new Jedis("localhost");long start =System.currentTimeMillis();for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
String result= jedis.set("n" + i, "n" +i);
}long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Simple SET: " + ((end - start)/1000.0) + " seconds");
jedis.disconnect();
}
很简单吧,每次set之后都可以返回结果,标记是否成功。
二、事务方式(Transactions)
redis的事务很简单,他主要目的是保障,一个client发起的事务中的命令可以连续的执行,而中间不会插入其他client的命令。
看下面例子:
@Testpublic voidtest2Trans() {
Jedis jedis= new Jedis("localhost");long start =System.currentTimeMillis();
Transaction tx=jedis.multi();for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
tx.set("t" + i, "t" +i);
}
List results =tx.exec();long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Transaction SET: " + ((end - start)/1000.0) + " seconds");
jedis.disconnect();
}
我们调用jedis.watch(…)方法来监控key,如果调用后key值发生变化,则整个事务会执行失败。另外,事务中某个操作失败,并不会回滚其他操作。这一点需要注意。还有,我们可以使用discard()方法来取消事务。
三、管道(Pipelining)
有时,我们需要采用异步方式,一次发送多个指令,不同步等待其返回结果。这样可以取得非常好的执行效率。这就是管道,调用方法如下:
@Testpublic voidtest3Pipelined() {
Jedis jedis= new Jedis("localhost");
Pipeline pipeline=jedis.pipelined();long start =System.currentTimeMillis();for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
pipeline.set("p" + i, "p" +i);
}
List results =pipeline.syncAndReturnAll();long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Pipelined SET: " + ((end - start)/1000.0) + " seconds");
jedis.disconnect();
}
四、管道中调用事务
就Jedis提供的方法而言,是可以做到在管道中使用事务,其代码如下:
@Testpublic voidtest4combPipelineTrans() {
jedis= new Jedis("localhost");long start =System.currentTimeMillis();
Pipeline pipeline=jedis.pipelined();
pipeline.multi();for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
pipeline.set("" + i, "" +i);
}
pipeline.exec();
List results =pipeline.syncAndReturnAll();long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Pipelined transaction: " + ((end - start)/1000.0) + " seconds");
jedis.disconnect();
}
但是经测试(见本文后续部分),发现其效率和单独使用事务差不多,甚至还略微差点。
五、分布式直连同步调用
@Testpublic voidtest5shardNormal() {
List shards =Arrays.asList(new JedisShardInfo("localhost",6379),new JedisShardInfo("localhost",6380));
ShardedJedis sharding= newShardedJedis(shards);long start =System.currentTimeMillis();for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
String result= sharding.set("sn" + i, "n" +i);
}long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Simple@Sharing SET: " + ((end - start)/1000.0) + " seconds");
sharding.disconnect();
}
这个是分布式直接连接,并且是同步调用,每步执行都返回执行结果。类似地,还有异步管道调用。
六、分布式直连异步调用
@Testpublic voidtest6shardpipelined() {
List shards =Arrays.asList(new JedisShardInfo("localhost",6379),new JedisShardInfo("localhost",6380));
ShardedJedis sharding= newShardedJedis(shards);
ShardedJedisPipeline pipeline=sharding.pipelined();long start =System.currentTimeMillis();for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
pipeline.set("sp" + i, "p" +i);
}
List results =pipeline.syncAndReturnAll();long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Pipelined@Sharing SET: " + ((end - start)/1000.0) + " seconds");
sharding.disconnect();
}
七、分布式连接池同步调用
如果,你的分布式调用代码是运行在线程中,那么上面两个直连调用方式就不合适了,因为直连方式是非线程安全的,这个时候,你就必须选择连接池调用。
@Testpublic voidtest7shardSimplePool() {
List shards =Arrays.asList(new JedisShardInfo("localhost",6379),new JedisShardInfo("localhost",6380));
ShardedJedisPool pool= new ShardedJedisPool(newJedisPoolConfig(), shards);
ShardedJedis one=pool.getResource();long start =System.currentTimeMillis();for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
String result= one.set("spn" + i, "n" +i);
}long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
pool.returnResource(one);
System.out.println("Simple@Pool SET: " + ((end - start)/1000.0) + " seconds");
pool.destroy();
}
上面是同步方式,当然还有异步方式。
八、分布式连接池异步调用
@Testpublic voidtest8shardPipelinedPool() {
List shards =Arrays.asList(new JedisShardInfo("localhost",6379),new JedisShardInfo("localhost",6380));
ShardedJedisPool pool= new ShardedJedisPool(newJedisPoolConfig(), shards);
ShardedJedis one=pool.getResource();
ShardedJedisPipeline pipeline=one.pipelined();long start =System.currentTimeMillis();for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
pipeline.set("sppn" + i, "n" +i);
}
List results =pipeline.syncAndReturnAll();long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
pool.returnResource(one);
System.out.println("Pipelined@Pool SET: " + ((end - start)/1000.0) + " seconds");
pool.destroy();
}
九、需要注意的地方
事务和管道都是异步模式。在事务和管道中不能同步查询结果。比如下面两个调用,都是不允许的:
Transaction tx =jedis.multi();for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
tx.set("t" + i, "t" +i);
}
System.out.println(tx.get("t1000").get()); //不允许
List results =tx.exec();
…
…
Pipeline pipeline=jedis.pipelined();long start =System.currentTimeMillis();for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
pipeline.set("p" + i, "p" +i);
}
System.out.println(pipeline.get("p1000").get()); //不允许
List results = pipeline.syncAndReturnAll();
事务和管道都是异步的,个人感觉,在管道中再进行事务调用,没有必要,不如直接进行事务模式。
分布式中,连接池的性能比直连的性能略好(见后续测试部分)。
分布式调用中不支持事务。
因为事务是在服务器端实现,而在分布式中,每批次的调用对象都可能访问不同的机器,所以,没法进行事务。
十、测试
运行上面的代码,进行测试,其结果如下:
Simple SET: 5.227 seconds
Transaction SET: 0.5 seconds
Pipelined SET: 0.353 seconds
Pipelined transaction: 0.509 seconds
Simple@Sharing SET: 5.289 seconds
Pipelined@Sharing SET: 0.348 seconds
Simple@Pool SET: 5.039 seconds
Pipelined@Pool SET: 0.401 seconds
另外,经测试分布式中用到的机器越多,调用会越慢。上面是2片,下面是5片:
Simple@Sharing SET: 5.494 seconds
Pipelined@Sharing SET: 0.51 seconds
Simple@Pool SET: 5.223 seconds
Pipelined@Pool SET: 0.518 seconds
下面是10片:
Simple@Sharing SET: 5.9 seconds
Pipelined@Sharing SET: 0.794 seconds
Simple@Pool SET: 5.624 seconds
Pipelined@Pool SET: 0.762 seconds
下面是100片:
Simple@Sharing SET: 14.055 seconds
Pipelined@Sharing SET: 8.185 seconds
Simple@Pool SET: 13.29 seconds
Pipelined@Pool SET: 7.767 seconds
分布式中,连接池方式调用不但线程安全外,根据上面的测试数据,也可以看出连接池比直连的效率更好。
十一、完整的测试代码
packagecom.example.nosqlclient;importjava.util.Arrays;importjava.util.List;importorg.junit.AfterClass;importorg.junit.BeforeClass;importorg.junit.Test;importredis.clients.jedis.Jedis;importredis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig;importredis.clients.jedis.JedisShardInfo;importredis.clients.jedis.Pipeline;importredis.clients.jedis.ShardedJedis;importredis.clients.jedis.ShardedJedisPipeline;importredis.clients.jedis.ShardedJedisPool;importredis.clients.jedis.Transaction;importorg.junit.FixMethodOrder;importorg.junit.runners.MethodSorters;
@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)public classTestJedis {private staticJedis jedis;private staticShardedJedis sharding;private staticShardedJedisPool pool;
@BeforeClasspublic static void setUpBeforeClass() throwsException {
List shards =Arrays.asList(new JedisShardInfo("localhost",6379),new JedisShardInfo("localhost",6379)); //使用相同的ip:port,仅作测试
jedis= new Jedis("localhost");
sharding= newShardedJedis(shards);
pool= new ShardedJedisPool(newJedisPoolConfig(), shards);
}
@AfterClasspublic static void tearDownAfterClass() throwsException {
jedis.disconnect();
sharding.disconnect();
pool.destroy();
}
@Testpublic voidtest1Normal() {long start =System.currentTimeMillis();for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
String result= jedis.set("n" + i, "n" +i);
}long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Simple SET: " + ((end - start)/1000.0) + " seconds");
}
@Testpublic voidtest2Trans() {long start =System.currentTimeMillis();
Transaction tx=jedis.multi();for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
tx.set("t" + i, "t" +i);
}//System.out.println(tx.get("t1000").get());
List results =tx.exec();long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Transaction SET: " + ((end - start)/1000.0) + " seconds");
}
@Testpublic voidtest3Pipelined() {
Pipeline pipeline=jedis.pipelined();long start =System.currentTimeMillis();for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
pipeline.set("p" + i, "p" +i);
}//System.out.println(pipeline.get("p1000").get());
List results =pipeline.syncAndReturnAll();long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Pipelined SET: " + ((end - start)/1000.0) + " seconds");
}
@Testpublic voidtest4combPipelineTrans() {long start =System.currentTimeMillis();
Pipeline pipeline=jedis.pipelined();
pipeline.multi();for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
pipeline.set("" + i, "" +i);
}
pipeline.exec();
List results =pipeline.syncAndReturnAll();long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Pipelined transaction: " + ((end - start)/1000.0) + " seconds");
}
@Testpublic voidtest5shardNormal() {long start =System.currentTimeMillis();for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
String result= sharding.set("sn" + i, "n" +i);
}long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Simple@Sharing SET: " + ((end - start)/1000.0) + " seconds");
}
@Testpublic voidtest6shardpipelined() {
ShardedJedisPipeline pipeline=sharding.pipelined();long start =System.currentTimeMillis();for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
pipeline.set("sp" + i, "p" +i);
}
List results =pipeline.syncAndReturnAll();long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Pipelined@Sharing SET: " + ((end - start)/1000.0) + " seconds");
}
@Testpublic voidtest7shardSimplePool() {
ShardedJedis one=pool.getResource();long start =System.currentTimeMillis();for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
String result= one.set("spn" + i, "n" +i);
}long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
pool.returnResource(one);
System.out.println("Simple@Pool SET: " + ((end - start)/1000.0) + " seconds");
}
@Testpublic voidtest8shardPipelinedPool() {
ShardedJedis one=pool.getResource();
ShardedJedisPipeline pipeline=one.pipelined();long start =System.currentTimeMillis();for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
pipeline.set("sppn" + i, "n" +i);
}
List results =pipeline.syncAndReturnAll();long end =System.currentTimeMillis();
pool.returnResource(one);
System.out.println("Pipelined@Pool SET: " + ((end - start)/1000.0) + " seconds");
}
}
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