java编写自动化用例样式_（一）JAVA+selenium+testNG+poi实现excel写自动化用例

准备：

java环境

下载与浏览器版本符合的Driver

eclipse

excel

准备好了就可以开干了

先建一个maven工程

在pom.xml引入我们所需要的一系列框架：

selenium+testNG+poi

org.testng

testng

6.14.2

test

org.apache.poi

poi-excelant

3.14

org.seleniumhq.selenium

selenium-java

3.14.0

还是先来看看excel用例吧

用例一般包括：标题、前置条件、测试步骤、测试数据、预期结果、实际结果

这次实现用例模板如下：

image.png

excel表中第一页作为公共用例(多次会用到的前置条件)，第二页作为普通用例。

每一条用例与用例之间以一行空行作为标识

这里建了两个model一个casemodel、一个stepmodel

public class CaseModel {

String caseName;

List stepModels;

public List getStepModels() {

return stepModels;

}

public void setStepModels(List stepModels) {

this.stepModels = stepModels;

}

public String getCaseName() {

return caseName;

}

public void setCaseName(String caseName) {

this.caseName = caseName;

}

}

public class StepModel {

String step;

String Element;

String precondition;

String type;

String action;

String value;

String expect;

String object;

public String getObject() {

return object;

}

public String getPrecondition() {

return precondition;

}

public void setPrecondition(String precondition) {

this.precondition = precondition;

}

public void setObject(String object) {

this.object = object;

}

public String getExpect() {

return expect;

}

public void setExpect(String expect) {

this.expect = expect;

}

public String getStep() {

return step;

}

public void setStep(String step) {

this.step = step;

}

public String getElement() {

return Element;

}

public void setElement(String element) {

Element = element;

}

public String getType() {

return type;

}

public void setType(String type) {

this.type = type;

}

public String getAction() {

return action;

}

public void setAction(String action) {

this.action = action;

}

public String getValue() {

return value;

}

public void setValue(String value) {

this.value = value;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "StepModel [step=" + step + ", Element=" + Element + ", type=" + type + ", action=" + action +"\n"+ ", value="

+ value + ", expect=" + expect + ", object=" + object + "]"+"\n";

}

}

下面是获取excel表中的数据，并创建一个case的list返回(caseType创建的一个枚举，根据这个来决定获取excel中那一页的数据)

@SuppressWarnings("resource")

public static List getCaseList(String path, CaseType caseType) {

String fileType = path.substring(path.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);

List caseModels = new ArrayList();

// 读取excel文件

InputStream is = null;

try {

is = new FileInputStream(path);

// 获取工作薄

Workbook wb = null;

if (fileType.equals("xls")) {

wb = new HSSFWorkbook(is);

} else if (fileType.equals("xlsx")) {

wb = new XSSFWorkbook(is);

} else {

return null;

}

CaseModel caseModel = new CaseModel();

// 设定第一页未公共用例，第二页未普通用例

int sheetIndex = 0;

switch (caseType) {

case publicCase:

sheetIndex = 0;

break;

case ordinaryCase:

sheetIndex = 1;

default:

break;

}

Sheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(sheetIndex);

// 获取行数；因已空行作为记号所以+1

int lastRow = sheet.getLastRowNum() + 1;

// 获取列数

int lastcell = sheet.getRow(0).getLastCellNum();

// System.out.println(lastRow);

for (int i = 0; i <= lastRow; i++) {

Row row = sheet.getRow(i);

if (i == 0) {

// 第一行是标题

continue;

}

if (row == null) {

// 到了空行，list添加case，并初始化casemodel

caseModels.add(caseModel);

caseModel = new CaseModel();

continue;

}

StepModel stepModel = new StepModel();

for (int j = 0; j < lastcell; j++) {

String valueStr = "";

Cell cell = row.getCell(j);

if (cell == null) {

valueStr = null;

} else {

// 将cell中的内容转化为字符串

cell.setCellType(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);

valueStr = cell.getStringCellValue();

// System.out.println(valueStr);

}

// 根据cellIndex添加对应的参数

switch (j) {

case 0:

if (valueStr != null) {

// System.out.println("到了这里：");

// System.out.println(valueStr);

if (valueStr.length() > 0) {

caseModel.setCaseName(valueStr);

}

}

break;

case 1:

stepModel.setPrecondition(valueStr);

break;

case 2:

stepModel.setStep(valueStr);

break;

case 3:

stepModel.setElement(valueStr);

break;

case 4:

stepModel.setType(valueStr);

break;

case 5:

stepModel.setObject(valueStr);

break;

case 6:

stepModel.setAction(valueStr);

break;

case 7:

stepModel.setValue(valueStr);

break;

case 8:

stepModel.setExpect(valueStr);

default:

break;

}

}

caseModel.stepModels.add(stepModel);

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

if (is != null)

is.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

return caseModels;

}

到这里实现了将excel变成了我们想要的数据形式

接下来，将获取到的数据翻译，告诉代码应该去做什么

用例表中有一个元素、方式字段是用来定位元素的信息

于是就有了下面的方法

public static WebElement getWebElement(String type, String element) {

WebElement webElement = null;

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(Driver.getChromeDriver(), 10);

if (type.equals("XPath")) {

webElement = Driver.getChromeDriver().findElementByXPath(element);

} else if (type.equals("ClassName")) {

webElement = Driver.getChromeDriver().findElementByClassName(element);

} else if (type.equals("CssSelector")) {

webElement = Driver.getChromeDriver().findElementByCssSelector(element);

} else if (type.equals("TagName")) {

webElement = Driver.getChromeDriver().findElementByTagName(element);

} else if (type.equals("PartialLinkText")) {

webElement = Driver.getChromeDriver().findElementByPartialLinkText(element);

} else if (type.equals("Name")) {

webElement = Driver.getChromeDriver().findElementByName(element);

} else if (type.equals("LinkText")) {

webElement = Driver.getChromeDriver().findElementByLinkText(element);

} else if (type.equals("Id")) {

webElement = Driver.getChromeDriver().findElementById(element);

} else {

try {

// System.out.println(type);

System.err.println("寻找元素方法除了问题type："+type+" element: "+element);

throw new RemoteException();

} catch (RemoteException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

//等待元素出现

wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(webElement));

return webElement;

}

还有三个字段是对象、动作和参数(测试数据)

如果对象为element那么执行的动作对象为element：则执行下面的方法

public static String ElementAction(StepModel step) {

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(Driver.getChromeDriver(), 10);

String action = step.getAction();

String element = step.getElement();

String type = step.getType();

if (action.equals("click")) {

getWebElement(type, element).click();

} else if (action.equals("sendkeys")) {

String value = step.getValue() == null ? "" : step.getValue();

getWebElement(type, element).clear();

getWebElement(type, element).sendKeys("a");

getWebElement(type, element).sendKeys(Keys.BACK_SPACE);

getWebElement(type, element).sendKeys(value);

} else if (action.equals("submit")) {

getWebElement(type, element).submit();

} else if (action.equals("gettext")) {

String actual = getWebElement(type, element).getText();

//目前默认gettext方法时为校验阶段；需改

assertEquals(step.expect, actual);

} else if (action.equals("movetoelement")) {

Actions actions = new Actions(Driver.getChromeDriver());

actions.moveToElement(getWebElement(type, element)).perform();

}else if (action.equals("movetoelementclick")) {

Actions actions = new Actions(Driver.getChromeDriver());

actions.moveToElement(getWebElement(type, element)).build().perform();

// try {

// Thread.sleep(1000);

// } catch (InterruptedException e) {

// // TODO Auto-generated catch block

// e.printStackTrace();

// }

// System.out.println("在这里输出了状态："+wait.until(ExpectedConditions.cl));

// wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(getWebElement(type, element)));

actions.click(getWebElement(type, element)).perform();

}

return type;//目前没有用，预留返回字段

}

如果对象为driver，则执行以下方法

public static void get(String url) {

getChromeDriver().get(url);

}

public static void refresh() {

getChromeDriver().navigate().refresh();

}

public static void action(StepModel step) {

String action = step.getAction();

if (action.equals("get")) {

get(step.getElement());

}else if (action.equals("refresh")) {

refresh();

}else {

System.err.println("不是写错了，就是还没写");

}

}

理论上可对以上两个动作方法，根据所需扩充完善所需要的动作

漏了个东西关于webdriver

这里做了一个获取driver的单例

并为它加了锁(防止线程安全问题)

static ChromeDriver chromeDriver;

public static synchronized ChromeDriver getChromeDriver() {

if (null==chromeDriver) {

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\TEST\\chromedriver.exe");

chromeDriver = new ChromeDriver();

chromeDriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

// System.out.println("初始化");

}

return chromeDriver;

}

最最最后就是执行用例了

理论上应重写testng相关方法(根据获取到的excel表自动生成相应Test)

先走出第一步吧

public class NewTest {

static List publicCaseList;

@Test(dataProvider = "dp")

public void f(CaseModel caseModel) {

System.out.println("执行了用例" + caseModel);

doCase(caseModel);

}

@AfterClass

public void AfterClass() {

Driver.getChromeDriver().quit();

}

@BeforeClass

public void BeforeClass() {

//获取公共用例

publicCaseList = CaseModel.getCaseList("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\3.xlsx", CaseType.publicCase);

}

@DataProvider

public Object[] dp() {

//获取用例

List caseModels = CaseModel.getCaseList("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\3.xlsx",

CaseType.ordinaryCase);

int size = caseModels.size();

Object[] objects = new Object[size];

for (int i = 0; i < objects.length; i++) {

objects[i] = caseModels.get(i);

}

//System.out.println(objects.length + " " + size);

return objects;

}

//根据casel模型执行用例

public void doCase(CaseModel caseModel) {

for (int i = 0; i < caseModel.stepModels.size(); i++) {

StepModel stepModel = caseModel.stepModels.get(i);

String object = stepModel.getObject();

if (stepModel.precondition != null) {

//执行前置条件

for (CaseModel caseModel2 : publicCaseList) {

if (stepModel.precondition.equals(caseModel2.caseName)) {

//根据casename查找到说要执行的公共用例

doCase(caseModel2);

break;

}

}

}

if (object.equals("driver")) {

Driver.action(stepModel);

} else {

//懒得写elseif。这里假装判断了是element

WebElementZ.ElementAction(stepModel);

}

}

}

}

待完善

根据获取到的excel表自动生成相应Test

增加配置项(如：可选择浏览器、配置浏览器选项等)

完善动作方法(这理论上是个无底洞)

总结一下三点

...