同步容器概述
- 同步容器中的方法主要采用synchronized进行同步,这势必会影响性能;
- 同步容器并不一定能做到完全的线程安全;
- 并发容器是可以取代同步容器的;
- 实际变成中,同步容器的使用场景已经越来越少了;
同步容器举例
- ArrayList -> Vector,Stack;
- HashMap -> HashTable,其key,value不能为空;
- Collections.synchronizedXXX(List, Set, Map);
Vector要点
- 同步容器Vector不等同于就是线程安全的;
同步容器Vector示例
- 多线程并发累加Vector中的值不会出现问题;
import com.example.concurrency.annotations.ThreadSafe;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
@Slf4j
@ThreadSafe
public class VectorExample1 {
// 请求总数
public static int clientTotal = 5000;
// 同时并发执行的线程数
public static int threadTotal = 200;
private static List<Integer> list = new Vector<>();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(threadTotal);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(clientTotal);
for (int i = 0; i < clientTotal; i++) {
final int count = i;
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
update(count);
semaphore.release();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("exception", e);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
log.info("size:{}", list.size());
}
private static void update(int i) {
list.add(i);
}
}
输出:
10:13:37.348 [main] INFO com.example.concurrency.example.safecontainer.VectorExample1 - size:5000
多线程导致的Vector问题1
- vector.size(),vector.remove(i),vector.get(i)都是同步方法,但当是线程2走到i=9时,线程1切入,运行vector.remove(9),再切回线程1时运行vector.get(9),已经被线程1删掉的索引9上的数据,就会导致数组越界;
- 在这种场合下,调用处要做一些额外的同步处理;
- 这种写法就属于先检查(判断)再执行;
import com.example.concurrency.annotations.NotThreadSafe;
import java.util.Vector;
@NotThreadSafe
public class VectorExample2 {
private static Vector<Integer> vector = new Vector<>();
public static void main(String[] args) {
while (true) {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
vector.add(i);
}
Thread thread1 = new Thread() {
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++) {
vector.remove(i);
}
}
};
Thread thread2 = new Thread() {
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++) {
vector.get(i);
}
}
};
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}
}
输出:
Exception in thread "Thread-433" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Array index out of range: 14
at java.util.Vector.get(Vector.java:748)
at com.example.concurrency.example.safecontainer.VectorExample22.run(VectorExample2.java:29)
多线程导致的Vector问题2
- 遍历期间修改Vector中的值,只能用for(int i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++),使用foreach和iterator会抛出异常;
- 可以在遍历的时候只标记出要修改的值,在遍历结束后再统一修改;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Vector;
public class VectorExample3 {
// java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
private static void test1(Vector<Integer> v1) { // foreach
for(Integer i : v1) {
if (i.equals(3)) {
v1.remove(i);
}
}
}
// java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
private static void test2(Vector<Integer> v1) { // iterator
Iterator<Integer> iterator = v1.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Integer i = iterator.next();
if (i.equals(3)) {
v1.remove(i);
}
}
}
// success
private static void test3(Vector<Integer> v1) { // for
for (int i = 0; i < v1.size(); i++) {
if (v1.get(i).equals(3)) {
v1.remove(i);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Vector<Integer> vector = new Vector<>();
vector.add(1);
vector.add(2);
vector.add(3);
test1(vector);
}
}
抛出的异常:
Exception in thread "main" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
at java.util.VectorItr.next(Vector.java:1137)
at com.example.concurrency.example.safecontainer.VectorExample3.test2(VectorExample3.java:21)
at com.example.concurrency.example.safecontainer.VectorExample3.main(VectorExample3.java:43)