概述
在具有继承关系的类中,也可以使用Builder替换多参Constructor。
抽象父类
- Builder<T extends Builder<T>>的语法很古怪,T指的是Builder的自类型,这是对Java缺少自类型的暂时解决方案;
- Objects.requireNonNull(T obj)是JDK提供的(不同于SpringMVC中用注解的方式对请求参数做非空限制),用于校验方法的参数是否为null;
- T self()很有意思,builder在构建完自身的一部分后,通过调用该方法,返回builder自身,从而实现链式调用;
package effective.java.item02.hierarchies;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;
public abstract class Pizza {
public enum Topping {
HAM, MUSHROOM, ONION, PEPPER, SAUSAGE
}
final Set<Topping> toppings;
abstract static class Builder<T extends Builder<T>> {
EnumSet<Topping> toppings = EnumSet.noneOf(Topping.class);
public T addTopping(Topping topping) {
toppings.add(Objects.requireNonNull(topping));
return self();
}
abstract Pizza build();
// Subclass must override this method to return "this"
protected abstract T self();
}
Pizza(Builder<?> builder) {
toppings = builder.toppings.clone();
}
}
具体子类
- 子类继承自父类,那么子类除了拥有自己的成员变量和方法,还有继承来的父类的成员变量和方法;
- 继承了抽象类,就要重写抽象类中所有的抽象元素,在抽象类Pizza中,抽象元素只有一个抽象静态内部类(我勒个去!抽象类里的抽象静态内部类!),那就在具体类中创建一个静态内部类继承这个抽象静态内部类;
- 同样的,具体类中的静态内部类,除了有自己的成员变量和方法(size,Builder(Size size)),还有继承自抽象静态内部类的成员变量和方法(toppings,addTopping(Topping topping));
- 具体类中的静态内部类还要实现抽象静态内部类中定义的抽象方法(build(),self());
- 注意Builder<T extends Builder<T>>和Pizza.Builder<Builder>的对应;
package effective.java.item02.hierarchies;
import java.util.Objects;
public class NyPizza extends Pizza {
public enum Size { SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE }
private final Size size;
public static class Builder extends Pizza.Builder<Builder> {
private final Size size;
public Builder(Size size) {
this.size = Objects.requireNonNull(size);
}
@Override
public NyPizza build() {
return new NyPizza(this);
}
@Override
protected Builder self() {
return this;
}
}
private NyPizza(Builder builder) {
super(builder);
this.size = builder.size;
}
}
package effective.java.item02.hierarchies;
public class Calzone extends Pizza {
private final boolean sauceInside;
public static class Builder extends Pizza.Builder<Builder> {
private boolean sauceInside = false; // Default
public Builder sauceInside() {
sauceInside = true;
return this;
}
@Override
public Calzone build() {
return new Calzone(this);
}
@Override
protected Builder self() {
return this;
}
}
private Calzone(Builder builder) {
super(builder);
this.sauceInside = builder.sauceInside;
}
}
客户端代码
- NyPizza.Builder(SMALL)构建出的具体builder,除了有自身的size用以构建NyPizza中的size,还有抽象Builder的toppings用以构建抽象类中的toppings;
package effective.java.item02.hierarchies;
import static effective.java.item02.hierarchies.NyPizza.Size.*;
import static effective.java.item02.hierarchies.Pizza.Topping.*;
public class PizzaClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
NyPizza nyPizza = new NyPizza.Builder(SMALL)
.addTopping(SAUSAGE).addTopping(ONION).build();
Calzone calzone = new Calzone.Builder()
.addTopping(HAM).sauceInside().build();
}
}