【CentOS 7笔记45】，crondtab任务计划和chkconfig系统服务管理#171204

最新推荐文章于 2022-11-01 18:18:55 发布
最新推荐文章于 2022-11-01 18:18:55 发布
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文章标签： 操作系统 python shell
原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/hellopasswd/blog/1584546
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2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>> hot3.png

hellopasswd

Linux任务计划

  • crontab -u、-e、-l、-r
  • 格式：分 时 日 月 周 user command
  • 文件/var/spool/cron/username
  • 分范围0-59，时范围0-23，日范围0-31，月范围1-12，周0-6
  • 可用格式1-5表示一个范围1到5
  • 可用格式1,2,3表示1或者2或者3
  • 可用格式*/2表示被2整除的数字，比如小时，那就是每隔2小时
  • 要保证服务是启动状态
  • systemctl start crond.service
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/crontab 
	SHELL=/bin/bash
	PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
	MAILTO=root
	
	# For details see man 4 crontabs
	
	# Example of job definition:
	# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
	# |  .------------- hour (0 - 23)
	# |  |  .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
	# |  |  |  .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
	# |  |  |  |  .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
	# |  |  |  |  |
	# *  *  *  *  * user-name  command to be executed

每天凌晨3点钟执行指定脚本，并且将正确重定向或错误的重定向到指定文件日志里

[root@localhost ~]# crontab -e
	0 3 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/sbin/111.sh >> /tmp/123.log 2>> /tmp/123.log

每隔两个月的头10天，并且这十天内刚好为周二和周五的时间执行指定脚本

[root@localhost ~]# crontab -e
	0 3 1-10 */2 2,5 /bin/bash /usr/local/sbin/111.sh >> /tmp/123.log 2>> /tmp/123.log

启动服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start crond
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start crond.service

[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep crond
	root        729  0.0  0.0 126344  1608 ?        Ss   Dec04   0:00 /usr/sbin/crond -n
	root       3014  0.0  0.0 112656   976 pts/0    S+   00:00   0:00 grep --color=auto crond

active (running)

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status crond
	● crond.service - Command Scheduler
	   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
	   Active: active (running) since Mon 2017-12-04 23:40:29 CST; 20min ago
	 Main PID: 729 (crond)
	   CGroup: /system.slice/crond.service
	           └─729 /usr/sbin/crond -n
	
	Dec 04 23:40:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Command Scheduler.
	Dec 04 23:40:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Command Scheduler...
	Dec 04 23:40:29 localhost.localdomain crond[729]: (CRON) INFO (RANDOM_DELAY will be scaled wit....)
	Dec 04 23:40:29 localhost.localdomain crond[729]: (CRON) INFO (running with inotify support)
	Dec 05 00:01:01 localhost.localdomain crond[729]: (root) RELOAD (/var/spool/cron/root)
	Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

inactive (dead)

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop crond
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status crond
	● crond.service - Command Scheduler
	   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
	   Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2017-12-05 00:02:09 CST; 1s ago
	  Process: 729 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/crond -n $CRONDARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
	 Main PID: 729 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
	
	Dec 04 23:40:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Command Scheduler.
	Dec 04 23:40:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Command Scheduler...
	Dec 04 23:40:29 localhost.localdomain crond[729]: (CRON) INFO (RANDOM_DELAY will be scaled wit....)
	Dec 04 23:40:29 localhost.localdomain crond[729]: (CRON) INFO (running with inotify support)
	Dec 05 00:01:01 localhost.localdomain crond[729]: (root) RELOAD (/var/spool/cron/root)
	Dec 05 00:02:09 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping Command Scheduler...
	Dec 05 00:02:09 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped Command Scheduler.
	Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

若没有执行，很有可能是使用的命令而没有用绝对路径

查看crondtab

[root@localhost ~]# crontab -l
	0 3 1-10 */2 2,5 /bin/bash /usr/local/sbin/111.sh >> /tmp/123.log 2>> /tmp/123.log

对应用户的crondtab执行脚本

[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/spool/cron/root 
	0 3 1-10 */2 2,5 /bin/bash /usr/local/sbin/111.sh >> /tmp/123.log 2>> /tmp/123.log

若要备份可直接备份/var/spool/cron/root的文件

删除crondtab

[root@localhost ~]# crontab -r

指定用户

[root@localhost ~]# crondtab -u root -l

Linux系统服务管理-chkconfig

  • chkconfig --list
  • chkconfig --level 3 network off
  • chkconfig --level 345 network off
  • chkconfig --del network
  • chkconfig --add network

列出服务

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig

	Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
	      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
	      systemd configuration.
	
	      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
	      To see services enabled on particular target use
	      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
	
	iprdump        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	iprinit        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	iprupdate      	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	netconsole     	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:off	4:off	5:off	6:off
	network        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off

systemd服务的进程

[root@localhost ~]# top
	top - 02:52:51 up  3:12,  3 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
	Tasks: 365 total,   1 running, 364 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
	%Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  0.2 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.8 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
	KiB Mem:   1870784 total,   277448 used,  1593336 free,      692 buffers
	KiB Swap:  2097148 total,        0 used,  2097148 free.   100316 cached Mem

	   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                      
	   349 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.3  0.0   0:09.63 kworker/0:3                  
	     1 root      20   0   41236   3768   2432 S   0.0  0.2   0:01.46 systemd                      
	     2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.06 kthreadd                     
	     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.06 ksoftirqd/0                  
	     5 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H                 
	     6 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.13 kworker/u256:0               
	     7 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.03 migration/0                  
	     8 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcu_bh                       
	     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcuob/0                      
	    10 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcuob/1                      
	    11 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcuob/2                      
	    12 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcuob/3

服务脚本

[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/init.d/
	functions  iprdump  iprinit  iprupdate  netconsole  network  README

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig network off
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list

	Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
	      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
	      systemd configuration.
	
	      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
	      To see services enabled on particular target use
	      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
	
	iprdump        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	iprinit        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	iprupdate      	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	netconsole     	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:off	4:off	5:off	6:off
	network        	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:off	4:off	5:off	6:off
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig network on
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list

	Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
	      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
	      systemd configuration.
	
	      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
	      To see services enabled on particular target use
	      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
	
	iprdump        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	iprinit        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	iprupdate      	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	netconsole     	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:off	4:off	5:off	6:off
	network        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off

而这个级别为系统对应的七个级别

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/inittab
	# inittab is no longer used when using systemd.
	#
	# ADDING CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.
	#
	# Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /usr/lib/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target
	#
	# systemd uses 'targets' instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets:
	#
	# multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel 3
	# graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5
	#
	# To view current default target, run:
	# systemctl get-default
	#
	# To set a default target, run:
	# systemctl set-default TARGET.target
	#
	~

指定级别

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --level 3 network off
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list

	Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
	      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
	      systemd configuration.

	      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
	      To see services enabled on particular target use
	      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
	
	iprdump        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	iprinit        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	iprupdate      	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	netconsole     	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:off	4:off	5:off	6:off
	network        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:off	4:on	5:on	6:off
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --level 345 network on
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list

	Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
	      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
	      systemd configuration.
	
	      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
	      To see services enabled on particular target use
	      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
	
	iprdump        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	iprinit        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	iprupdate      	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	netconsole     	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:off	4:off	5:off	6:off
	network        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off

添加服务

[root@localhost ~]# cp /etc/init.d/network /etc/init.d/123
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list

	Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
	      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
	      systemd configuration.
	
	      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
	      To see services enabled on particular target use
	      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.

	iprdump        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	iprinit        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	iprupdate      	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	netconsole     	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:off	4:off	5:off	6:off
	network        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/123
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list

	Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
	      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
	      systemd configuration.
	
	      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
	      To see services enabled on particular target use
	      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
	
	123            	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	iprdump        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	iprinit        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	iprupdate      	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	netconsole     	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:off	4:off	5:off	6:off
	network        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/init.d/123
	#! /bin/bash
	#
	# network       Bring up/down networking
	#
	# chkconfig: 2345 10 90
	# description: Activates/Deactivates all network interfaces configured to \
	#              start at boot time.
	#
	### BEGIN INIT INFO
	# Provides: $network
	# Should-Start: iptables ip6tables NetworkManager-wait-online NetworkManager $network-pre
	# Short-Description: Bring up/down networking
	# Description: Bring up/down networking
	### END INIT INFO
	
	# Source function library.
	. /etc/init.d/functions
	.
	.
	.

chkconfig: 2345 10 90 1234为运行级别，第10位启动，第90位关闭

关闭服务

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --del /etc/init.d/123
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list

	Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
	      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
	      systemd configuration.
	
	      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
	      To see services enabled on particular target use
	      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
	
	iprdump        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	iprinit        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	iprupdate      	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
	netconsole     	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:off	4:off	5:off	6:off
	network        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off

修改于 171204

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/hellopasswd/blog/1584546

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