mysql-基础语法

#显示数据库

show databases;

#判断是否存在数据库wpj1105,有的话先删除

drop database if exists wpj1105;

#创建数据库

create database wpj1105;

#删除数据库

drop database wpj1105;

#使用该数据库

use wpj1105;

#显示数据库中的表

show tables;

#先判断表是否存在,存在先删除

drop table if exists student;

#创建表

id int auto_increment primary key,
name varchar(50),
sex varchar(20),
date varchar(50),
content varchar(100)
)default charset=utf8;
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#删除表

drop table student;

#查看表的结构

describe student; #可以简写为desc student;

#插入数据

insert into student values(null,'aa','男','1988-10-2','......');
insert into student values(null,'bb','女','1889-03-6','......');
insert into student values(null,'cc','男','1889-08-8','......');
insert into student values(null,'dd','女','1889-12-8','......');
insert into student values(null,'ee','女','1889-09-6','......');
insert into student values(null,'ff','null','1889-09-6','......');
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#查询表中的数据

select * from student;

select id,name from student;

#修改某一条数据

update student set sex='男' where id=4;

#删除数据

delete from student where id=5;

#and 且

select * from student where date>'1988-1-2' and date<'1988-12-1';

#or 或

select * from student where date<'1988-11-2' or date>'1988-12-1';

#between

select * from student where date between '1988-1-2' and '1988-12-1';

#in 查询制定集合内的数据

select * from student where id in (1,3,5);

#排序 asc 升序 desc 降序

select * from student order by id asc;

#分组查询 #聚合函数

select max(id),name,sex from student group by sex;

select min(date) from student;

select avg(id) as '求平均' from student;

select count(*) from student; #统计表中总数

select count(sex) from student; #统计表中性别总数 若有一条数据中sex为空的话,就不予以统计~

select sum(id) from student;

#查询第i条以后到第j条的数据(不包括第i条)

select * from student limit 2,5; #显示3-5条数据

#巩固练习

create table c(
 id int primary key auto_increment,
 name varchar(10) not null,
 sex varchar(50) ,  #DEFAULT '男' ,
 age int unsigned, #不能为负值(如为负值 则默认为0)
 sno int unique    #不可重复
);
 
drop table c;
desc c;
 
insert into c (id,name,sex,age,sno) values (null,'涛哥','男',68,1);
insert into c (id,name,sex,age,sno) values (null,'aa','男',68,2);
insert into c (id,name,sex,age,sno) values (null,'平平','男',35,3);
...
 
select * from c;
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#修改数据

update c set age=66 where id=2;

update c set name='花花',age=21,sex='女' where id=2

delete from c where age=21;

#常用查询语句

select name,age ,id from c
select * from c where age>40 and age<60;  #and
select * from c where age<40 or age<60;  #or
select * from c where age between 40 and 60 #between
select * from c where age in (30,48,68,99);     #in 查询指定集合内的数据
select * from c order by age desc;      #order by (asc升序 des降序)
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#分组查询

select name,max(age) from c group by sex; #按性别分组查年龄最大值

#聚合函数

select min(age) from c;
select avg(age) as '平均年龄 ' from c;
select count(*) from c;  #统计表中数据总数
select sum(age) from c;
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#修改表的名字

alter table c rename to a;

#表结构修改

create table test
(
id int not null auto_increment primary key, #设定主键
name varchar(20) not null default 'NoName', #设定默认值
department_id int not null,
position_id int not null,
unique (department_id,position_id) #设定唯一值
);
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#向表中增加一个字段(列)

alter table test add columnname varchar(20);

#修改表中某个字段的名字

alter table tablename change columnname newcolumnname type;

#修改一个表的字段名

alter table test change name uname varchar(50);

#表position 增加列test

alter table position add(test char(10)); #表position 修改列test alter table position modify test char(20) not null; #表position 修改列test 默认值 alter table position alter test set default 'system'; #表position 去掉test 默认值 alter table position alter test drop default; #表position 去掉列test alter table position drop column test; #表depart_pos 删除主键 alter table depart_pos drop primary key; #表depart_pos 增加主键 alter table depart_pos add primary key PK_depart_pos (department_id,position_id);

#用文本方式将数据装入数据库表中(例如D:/mysql.txt)

load data local infile "D:/mysql.txt" into table MYTABLE;

#导入.sql文件命令(例如D:/mysql.sql)

source d:/mysql.sql; #或者 /. d:/mysql.sql;

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