oracle大型数据库系统在AIX/unix上的实战详解 集中答疑 40 文平
近期来，若干本书读者希望我能发表一下10g/11g在AIX上的安装细节，我找到以前的一个文档（其中一部分内容应该来源于网上难以考察出处，但感谢原作者的分享），这里发表一下，希望能对大家有所帮助！
oracle11g的过程，我将在近期整理好并发布。
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Oracle For Aix安装
1：安装Oracle10.2的最基本要求
硬件：
? 64位
? 内存与交换区
| RAM | Swap Space |
| Between 1024 MB and 2048 MB | 1.5 times the size of RAM |
| Between 2049 MB and 8192 MB | Equal to the size of RAM |
| More than 8192 MB | 0.75 times the size of RAM |
? 硬盘空间：除数据外，Oracle软件本身至少需要3G
软件：
? 操作系统：
· AIX 5L version 5.2, Maintenance Level 04 or later , or AIX 5L version 5.3, Maintenance Level 02 or later.
· AIX的软件包:
o bos.adt.base o bos.adt.lib o bos.adt.libm o bos.perf.libperfstat o bos.perf.perfstat o bos.perf.proctools o xlC.aix50.rte:7.0.0.4 or later o xlC.rte:7.0.0.1 or later2：AIX的修补:
对于(APARs) for AIX 5L v5.2 ML 04:
IY63133: large percentage of CPU time spent in ldata_balance routine
IY64978: deadlock with concurrent renaming and unlinking under JFS
IY63366: dlsym returns null even for valid symbol in AIX520 ML-4
IY64691: chvg -b can cause corruption and crash
IY64737: AIO can hang in knotunlock
IY65001: mklvcopy on a striped lv is failing to update lvcb
对于(APARs) for AIX 5L v5.3 ML 02:
IY58143: REQUIRED UPDATE FOR AIX 5.3
IY59386: libdepend.mk files are all empty
IY60930: Unable to delete network routes
IY66513: LDR_CNTRL turns on undesirable option when initialized with incorrect value
IY70159: krtl relocation problem
3：安装AIX 5L 53-001． 插入CD 5.3第一片盘。
2． 启动计算机，听见嘀嘀两声，按F1键进入systerm management services 界面，选择boot sequence 。
3． 将CD-ROM设置为启动顺序1，保存设置。
4． 进入安装界面，开始一个全新系统安装。
5． 提示插入后续盘片，继续安装。
6． 注意安装时Kernel 选择64bit，用命令prtcont查看。
7． 如选择中文语言，则要求安装盘1、2、7，如不选，则安装盘1、2
机器启动
1. 进入Configerition assistant界面
2. 设定IP地址为192.168.3.170，掩码为255.255.255.0。
在安装Oracle前对系统进行配置 步骤一检查系统所需软件和修补包
4：检查系统安装软件
n 确认安装的AIX版本是否高于5.2-01，否则升级系统版本。
# oslevel -r
5300-00确认是否是 5300-04）需升级到5300-02以上版本就可以。按如下升级：
升级前需打包：
bos.adt bos.compat bos. cifs 按smitty->一路回车
a) 扩充usr文件系统到3G
检查usr空间的大小
# df -k
Filesystem 1024-blocks Free %Used Iused %Iused Mounted on
/dev/hd4 16384 4588 72% 1509 19% /
/dev/hd2 1064960 8608 100% 24103 10% /usr
确认文件系统类型jfs jfs2
lsvg -l rootvg （查看文件系统类型，例如如下查看到的是jfs）
rootvg:
LV NAME TYPE LPs PPs PVs LV STATE MOUNT POINT
hd5 boot 1 1 1 closed/syncd N/A
hd6 paging 32 32 1 open/syncd N/A
hd8 jfslog 1 1 1 open/syncd N/A
hd4 jfs 1 1 1 open/syncd /
hd2 jfs 65 65 1 open/syncd /usr
hd9var jfs 1 1 1 open/syncd /var
hd3 jfs 2 2 1 open/syncd /tmp
hd1 jfs 1 1 1 open/syncd /home
hd10opt jfs 7 7 1 open/syncd /opt
如是jfs 选择日志文件系统类型,如是 jfs2则选择扩展文件系统
用如下命令查看大小，此时查看到的usr的大小为3 G
# df -k
Filesystem 1024-blocks Free %Used Iused %Iused Mounted on
/dev/hd4 16384 4584 73% 1509 19% /
/dev/hd2 3014656 1897104 38% 24103 4% /usr
/dev/hd9var 16384 10048 39% 362 9% /var
/dev/hd3 32768 31596 4% 51 1% /tmp
/dev/hd1 16384 15820 4% 18 1% /home
/proc - - - - - /proc
/dev/hd10opt 114688 25600 78% 2202 8% /opt
b) 将IY58143上传到/usr/sys/inst.images
c) 进入/usr/sys/inst.images目录，运行inutoc
d) smitty update_all (接受license yes) (而非install APAR)
# instfix -ik IY58143
All filesets for IY58143 were found.
# oslevel -r
5300-00
e) 重启AIX #shutdown –Fr
f) 将升级包上传到/usr/sys/inst.images
g) 进入/usr/sys/inst.images目录，运行inutoc
# cd /
# pwd
/
# cd usr
# cd sys
# cd inst.images
# inutoc
h) smitty update_all (接受license yes)
i) OK后 重新启动系统后查看oslevel –r (5300-03)
# oslevel -r
5300-03
# instfix -i |grep ML
All filesets for 5.3.0.0_AIX_ML were found.
All filesets for 5300-02_AIX_ML were found.
All filesets for 5300-01_AIX_ML were found.
All filesets for 5300-03_AIX_ML were found.
如果不成功就执行：Instfix –ik 5300-03_AIX_ML 会列出不成功的包
# instfix -ik 5300-03_AIX_ML
All filesets for 5300-03_AIX_ML were found.说明已经成功
5：检查AIX系统的安装情况是否符合要求
Oracle要求的AIX的软件包:
o bos.adt.base o bos.adt.lib o bos.adt.libm o bos.perf.libperfstat o bos.perf.perfstat o bos.perf.proctools o xlC.aix50.rte:7.0.0.4 or later o xlC.rte:7.0.0.1 or later确认需要的软件是否安装：
# lslpp -l bos.adt.base
Fileset Level State Description
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Path: /usr/lib/objrepos
bos.adt.base 5.3.0.30 COMMITTED Base Application Development
Toolkit
# lslpp -l bos.adt.lib
Fileset Level State Description
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Path: /usr/lib/objrepos
bos.adt.lib 5.3.0.30 COMMITTED Base Application Development
Libraries
# lslpp -l bos.adt.libm
lslpp: 0504-132 Fileset bos.adt.libm not installed.
# lslpp -l bos.perf.libperfstat
Fileset Level State Description
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Path: /usr/lib/objrepos
bos.perf.libperfstat 5.3.0.30 COMMITTED Performance Statistics Library
Interface
Path: /etc/objrepos
bos.perf.libperfstat 5.3.0.0 COMMITTED Performance Statistics Library
Interface
# lslpp -l bos.perf.proctools
Fileset Level State Description
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Path: /usr/lib/objrepos
bos.perf.proctools 5.3.0.30 COMMITTED Proc Filesystem Tools
#
# lslpp -l xlC.*
Fileset Level State Description
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Path: /usr/lib/objrepos
xlC.aix50.rte 6.0.0.13 COMMITTED C Set ++ Runtime for AIX 5.0
xlC.cpp 6.0.0.0 COMMITTED C for AIX Preprocessor
xlC.msg.en_US.cpp 6.0.0.0 COMMITTED C for AIX Preprocessor
Messages--U.S. English
xlC.msg.en_US.rte 6.0.0.0 COMMITTED C Set ++ Runtime
Messages--U.S. English
xlC.rte 6.0.0.0 COMMITTED C Set ++ Runtime
#
bos.adt.limb不存在，需要安装。
安装bos.adt.libm
进入菜单smitty，选择安装和更新软件
：
选择安装软件：
进入安装软件后，按F4选择安装软件用到的输入设备，选择CD安装：
进入对于要安装的软件菜单项：
按F4 给出安装列表。在列表中，软件项目之前的@符号代表此软件已经安装，+代表未安装：
输入“/”查找软件bos.adt.libm
按F7选择，点击Enter安装：
选择接受License Agreements:
回车开始安装：
# lslpp -l bos.adt.libm
Fileset Level State Description
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Path: /usr/lib/objrepos
bos.adt.libm 5.3.0.0 COMMITTED Base Application Development
Math Library
检查安装oracel所需操作系统的修补包根据所要安装产品，检查下列修补是否安装：
6： 确认APAR是否安装
· AIX所需的修补包如下：:
对于(APARs) for AIX 5L v5.3 ML 02:
IY58143: REQUIRED UPDATE FOR AIX 5.3
IY59386: libdepend.mk files are all empty
IY60930: Unable to delete network routes
IY66513: LDR_CNTRL turns on undesirable option when initialized with incorrect value
IY70159: krtl relocation problem
验证以上的包是否已经安装
# instfix -ik IY58143
Not all filesets for IY58143 were found.
# instfix -ik IY59386
All filesets for IY59386 were found.
# instfix -ik IY60930
All filesets for IY60930 were found.
# instfix -ik IY66513
All filesets for IY66513 were found.
# instfix -ik IY70159
All filesets for IY70159 were found.
通过验证
# instfix -ik IY58143
Not all filesets for IY58143 were found.
步骤三创建安装Oracle所需的UNIX组和用户如果系统首次安装ORACLE数据库软件，则需要创建一些UNIX组和用户。
所需安装如下UNIX组和用户：OSDBA组（dba）、OSOPER（oper）组、Oracle Inventory 组（oinstall）、拥有Oracle软件的用户（oracle）。所创建用户必须把Oracle Inventory 组作为首要组，可以把OSDBA和OSOPER组作为次组。
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
7：创建组
1．创建Oracle Inventory组
# smit security
选择Groups项，创建oinstall组
按下Enter键创建。
2. 创建OSDBA组（dba）：
用上述过程相同的方法创建。
8：创建用户：
1． 创建Oracle用户：
# smit security
选择Users项，创建oracle用户, 将oinstall作为primary group, 将dba 作为secondary group(group set).
按下enter键创建。
注意： primary group oinstall group set dba
2、设置oracle用户的密码：
# passwd oracle
Changing password for "oracle"
oracle's New password:
Enter the new password again:
设置密码为oracle
创建好用户后到/home目录下查看
# cd /home
# ls -al
total 13
drwxr-xr-x 6 bin bin 512 Aug 16 20:59 .
drwxr-xr-x 22 root system 1024 Aug 16 21:35 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 root system 512 Aug 16 19:27 TT_DB
drwxr-xr-x 2 guest usr 512 Aug 04 2004 guest
drwx------ 2 root system 512 Aug 04 2004 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 4 oracle oinstall 512 Aug 16 21:34 oracle
确认nobody用户是否存在：
# id nobody
uid=4294967294(nobody) gid=4294967294(nobody)
步骤内核参数和Shell Limits:
9：配置Shell Limits:
# smitty
选择Users选项，再选择Change/Show Characteristics of a User选项
在用户名处输入oracle用户名；
修改Soft FILE size为-1；修改Soft CUP time为-1；修改Soft DATA segment为-1；修改Soft STACK size为-1；
按下Enter键确认。
10：配置系统配置参数：
# smitty chgsys
设置Maximum number of PROCESSES allowed per user 为2048。
11：创建安装oracle的文件系统查看当前空闲磁盘：
# lspv
hdisk0 00023f7f00040265 None
hdisk1 00023f7f1955b7e1 rootvg active
创建新的vg查看系统中pp的大小
# lsvg rootvg
VOLUME GROUP: rootvg VG IDENTIFIER: 00023f7f00004c00000000001e122e40
VG STATE: active PP SIZE: 16 megabyte(s)
VG PERMISSION: read/write TOTAL PPs: 542 (8672 megabytes)
MAX LVs: 256 FREE PPs: 312 (4992 megabytes)
LVs: 9 USED PPs: 230 (3680 megabytes)
OPEN LVs: 8 QUORUM: 2
TOTAL PVs: 1 VG DESCRIPTORS: 2
STALE PVs: 0 STALE PPs: 0
ACTIVE PVs: 1 AUTO ON: yes
MAX PPs per VG: 32512
MAX PPs per PV: 1016 MAX PVs: 32
LTG size (Dynamic): 256 kilobyte(s) AUTO SYNC: no
HOT SPARE: no BB POLICY: relocatable
# lspv
hdisk0 00023f7f00040265 datavg active
hdisk1 00023f7f1955b7e1 rootvg active
查看激活的vg
# lsvg -o
datavg
rootvg
创建lv
查看刚才创建的lv：
# lsvg -l datavg
datavg:
LV NAME TYPE LPs PPs PVs LV STATE MOUNT POINT
oralv jfs 600 600 1 closed/syncd N/A
创建文件系统，注意：mount点需要加/
列出当前的文件系统，查看
# lsfs
Name Nodename Mount Pt VFS Size Options Auto Accounting
/dev/hd4 -- / jfs 32768 -- yes no
/dev/hd1 -- /home jfs 32768 -- yes no
/dev/hd2 -- /usr jfs 6029312 -- yes no
/dev/hd9var -- /var jfs 32768 -- yes no
/dev/hd3 -- /tmp jfs 65536 -- yes no
/proc -- /proc procfs -- -- yes no
/dev/hd10opt -- /opt jfs 229376 -- yes no
/dev/oralv -- /oradata jfs 39321600 rw yes no
查看文件系统的大小
# df -k
Filesystem 1024-blocks Free %Used Iused %Iused Mounted on
/dev/hd4 16384 4572 73% 1517 19% /
/dev/hd2 3014656 1897104 38% 24103 4% /usr
/dev/hd9var 16384 10048 39% 363 9% /var
/dev/hd3 32768 31596 4% 51 1% /tmp
/dev/hd1 16384 15820 4% 18 1% /home
/proc - - - - - /proc
/dev/hd10opt 114688 25600 78% 2202 8% /opt
查看当前已经mount上的文件系统
# mount
node mounted mounted over vfs date options
-------- --------------- --------------- ------ ------------ ---------------
/dev/hd4 / jfs Aug 16 12:24 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/hd2 /usr jfs Aug 16 12:24 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/hd9var /var jfs Aug 16 12:24 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/hd3 /tmp jfs Aug 16 12:24 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/hd1 /home jfs Aug 16 12:25 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/proc /proc procfs Aug 16 12:25 rw
/dev/hd10opt /opt jfs Aug 16 12:25 rw,log=/dev/hd8
#
12：Mount创建的文件系统
# mount /oradata
# mount
node mounted mounted over vfs date options
-------- --------------- --------------- ------ ------------ ---------------
/dev/hd4 / jfs Aug 16 12:24 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/hd2 /usr jfs Aug 16 12:24 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/hd9var /var jfs Aug 16 12:24 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/hd3 /tmp jfs Aug 16 12:24 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/hd1 /home jfs Aug 16 12:25 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/proc /proc procfs Aug 16 12:25 rw
/dev/hd10opt /opt jfs Aug 16 12:25 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/oralv /oradata jfs Aug 16 15:58 rw,log=/dev/loglv00
# df -k
Filesystem 1024-blocks Free %Used Iused %Iused Mounted on
/dev/hd4 16384 4572 73% 1517 19% /
/dev/hd2 3014656 1897104 38% 24103 4% /usr
/dev/hd9var 16384 10048 39% 363 9% /var
/dev/hd3 32768 31596 4% 51 1% /tmp
/dev/hd1 16384 15820 4% 18 1% /home
/proc - - - - - /proc
/dev/hd10opt 114688 25600 78% 2202 8% /opt
/dev/oralv 19660800 19043652 4% 17 1% /oradata
13：创建安装Oracle软件需要的目录创建存放原始光盘软件的目录
# pwd
/
# cd oradata
# mkdir aixsoft10.2g
# ls
aixsoft10.2g lost+found
创建oracle安装目录
具体安装步骤要求：
**************** from oracle install doc
1. Enter the following command to create subdirectories in the mount point
directory that you identified for the Oracle base directory:
# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
2. If you intend to use a second file system for the Oracle Database files, then
create an oradata subdirectory in the mount point directory that you
identified for the Oracle data file directory (shown as /u02 in the examples):
# mkdir /u02/oradata
3. Change the owner and group of the directories that you created to the
oracle user and the oinstall group:
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02/oradata
4. Change the permissions on the directories that you created to 775:
# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle
# chmod -R 775 /u02/oradata
*************************** end of this doc
# pwd
/oradata
# ls
aixsoft10.2g lost+found
# ls -alt
total 32
drwxr-xr-x 22 root system 1024 Aug 16 18:49 ..
drwxr-sr-x 2 root sys 512 Aug 16 16:06 aixsoft10.2g
drwxr-sr-x 4 sys sys 512 Aug 16 16:02 .
drwxrwx--- 2 root system 512 Aug 16 15:55 lost+found
# mkdir -p u01/app/oracle
# mkdir -p u02/oradata
# ls -al
total 48
drwxr-sr-x 6 sys sys 512 Aug 16 18:51 .
drwxr-xr-x 22 root system 1024 Aug 16 18:49 ..
drwxr-sr-x 2 root sys 512 Aug 16 16:06 aixsoft10.2g
drwxrwx--- 2 root system 512 Aug 16 15:55 lost+found
drwxr-sr-x 3 root sys 512 Aug 16 18:50 u01
drwxr-sr-x 3 root sys 512 Aug 16 18:51 u02
# chown -R oracle:oinstall u01 u02
# ls -alt
total 48
drwxr-sr-x 6 sys sys 512 Aug 16 18:51 .
drwxr-sr-x 3 oracle oinstall 512 Aug 16 18:51 u02
drwxr-sr-x 3 oracle oinstall 512 Aug 16 18:50 u01
drwxr-xr-x 22 root system 1024 Aug 16 18:49 ..
drwxr-sr-x 2 root sys 512 Aug 16 16:06 aixsoft10.2g
drwxrwx--- 2 root system 512 Aug 16 15:55 lost+found
# chmod -R 775 /oradata/u01/app/oracle
# chmod -R 775 /oradata/u02/oradata
14：设置oracle用户环境变量
以oracle用户登陆系统后编辑.profile文件 (/home/oracle)
$ pwd
/home/oracle
$ cat .profile (.profile文件的内容)
ORACLE_BASE=/oradata/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_SID=zydb
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
PATH=/usr/bin:/etc:/usr/sbin:/usr/ucb:$HOME/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/sbin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:.
umask=022
export PATH ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME
if [ -s "$MAIL" ] # This is at Shell startup. In normal
then echo "$MAILMSG" # operation, the Shell checks
fi # periodically.
修改oracle用户下的.dtprofile文件，/home/oracle
把最后一行注释去掉
并且把root用户根目录下的.dtprofile最后一行注释去掉。
15：开始安装
$ export DISPLAY=192.168.3.187:0.0 (本机是127.0.0.1:0.0)
$ xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
$ xclock
ftp上传oracle安装包到/oradata/ aixsoft10.2g 目录下
# ls
10gr2_aix5l64_database.cpio.gz
查看大小确认 在/oradata目录下用 du –k
解压：
# gunzip 10gr2_aix5l64_database.cpio.gz
# cpio -idcmv < 10gr2_aix5l64_database.cpio
To start Oracle Universal Installer, enter the following commands:
$ cd /tmp
$ /directory_path/runInstaller
16：按照OUI的顺序，逐步完成，结果如下：
The following J2EE Applications have been deployed and are accessible at the URLs listed below.
iSQL*Plus URL:
http://ibm1:5560/isqlplus
iSQL*Plus DBA URL:
Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control URL:
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/wenping/319384
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