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多线程和进程的区别？
简而言之,一个程序至少有一个进程,一个进程至少有一个线程.
线程的划分尺度小于进程，使得多线程程序的并发性高。
另外，进程在执行过程中拥有独立的内存单元，而多个线程共享内存，从而极大地提高了程序的运行效率。
线程在执行过程中与进程还是有区别的。每个独立的线程有一个程序运行的入口、顺序执行序列和程序的出口。但是线程不能够独立执行，必须依存在应用程序中，由应用程序提供多个线程执行控制。
从逻辑角度来看，多线程的意义在于一个应用程序中，有多个执行部分可以同时执行。但操作系统并没有将多个线程看做多个独立的应用，来实现进程的调度和管理以及资源分配。这就是进程和线程的重要区别。
创建线程的第一种方式
子类继承Thread类，并覆盖Thread类中的run()方法
创建线程的第二种方式
类实现Runnable接口中的run()方法
同步代码块
synchronized（锁）{
同步代码区，
}
同步函数
public synchronized void show(){
同步代码区，
}
1 练习 2 package blogtest3; 3 4 public class ThreadTest1 { 5 6 /** 7 * 创建两个线程，和主线程交替运行 8 */ 9 public static void main(String[] args) { 10 Thread1 thread1 = new Thread1("one"); 11 Thread2 thread2 = new Thread2("two"); 12 thread1.start(); 13 thread2.start(); 14 int z =0; 15 while(true){ 16 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+z++); 17 if(z >= 100) 18 break; 19 } 20 } 21 22 } 23 class Thread1 extends Thread{ 24 private int i = 0; 25 Thread1(String name){ 26 super(name); 27 } 28 public void run(){ 29 while(true){ 30 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+i++); 31 if(i>100) 32 break; 33 } 34 } 35 } 36 class Thread2 extends Thread{ 37 private int j = 0; 38 Thread2(String name){ 39 super(name); 40 } 41 public void run(){ 42 while(true){ 43 System.out.println(this.getName()+j++); 44 if(j>100) 45 break; 46 } 47 } 48 }
1 练习 2 package blogtest3; 3 4 public class ThreadTest2 { 5 6 /** 7 * 编写一个卖票程序 8 */ 9 public static void main(String[] args) { 10 Ticket ticket = new Ticket(); 11 Thread thread1 = new Thread(ticket); 12 Thread thread2 = new Thread(ticket); 13 Thread thread3 = new Thread(ticket); 14 thread1.start(); 15 thread2.start(); 16 thread3.start(); 17 18 } 19 20 } 21 class Ticket implements Runnable{ 22 private int num = 1500; 23 public void run(){ 24 synchronized(this){ 25 while(true){ 26 if(num > 0) 27 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + num--); 28 } 29 30 } 31 } 32 33 }
1 练习 2 package blogtest3; 3 4 public class ThreadTest3 { 5 6 /** 7 * 单例设计模式 8 */ 9 public static void main(String[] args) { 10 Student stu = Student.getStudent(); 11 People peo = People.getPeople(); 12 System.out.println(stu); 13 System.out.println(peo); 14 15 } 16 17 } 18 //懒汉式 19 class Student{ 20 private static Student student = null; 21 private Student(){ 22 23 } 24 public synchronized static Student getStudent(){ 25 if(student == null){ 26 student = new Student(); 27 } 28 return student; 29 } 30 } 31 //饿汉式 32 class People{ 33 private static final People people = new People(); 34 private People(){ 35 36 } 37 public static People getPeople(){ 38 return people; 39 } 40 }
1 练习 2 package blogtest3; 3 4 public class ThreadTest4 { 5 6 /** 7 * 线程间通信 8 */ 9 public static void main(String[] args) { 10 Res res = new Res(); 11 Input input = new Input(res); 12 Output output = new Output(res); 13 Thread thread1 = new Thread(input); 14 Thread thread2 = new Thread(output); 15 thread1.start(); 16 thread2.start(); 17 18 } 19 20 } 21 class Res{ 22 String name; 23 String sex; 24 boolean blag = false; 25 } 26 class Input implements Runnable{ 27 private Res res; 28 Input(Res res){ 29 this.res = res; 30 } 31 public void run(){ 32 boolean flag = false; 33 34 while(true){ 35 synchronized(res){ 36 if(res.blag){ 37 try { 38 res.wait(); 39 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 40 e.printStackTrace(); 41 } 42 } 43 if( !flag ){ 44 res.name = "zhangshan"; 45 res.sex = "nan"; 46 flag = true; 47 } 48 else{ 49 res.name = "Lili"; 50 res.sex = "nv"; 51 flag = false; 52 } 53 res.blag = true; 54 res.notify(); 55 } 56 } 57 } 58 } 59 60 class Output implements Runnable{ 61 private Res res; 62 Output(Res res){ 63 this.res = res; 64 } 65 public void run(){ 66 while(true){ 67 synchronized(res){ 68 if(!res.blag){ 69 try { 70 res.wait(); 71 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 72 e.printStackTrace(); 73 } 74 } 75 System.out.println("name = " + res.name + "sex = " + res.sex); 76 res.blag = false; 77 res.notify(); 78 } 79 80 } 81 82 } 83 }
1 练习 2 package blogtest3; 3 4 public class ThreadTest5 { 5 6 /** 7 * 用多线程实现多个生产者和多个消费者的活动 8 */ 9 public static void main(String[] args) { 10 Factory factory = new Factory(); 11 new Thread(new Action1(factory)).start(); 12 new Thread(new Action1(factory)).start(); 13 new Thread(new Action1(factory)).start(); 14 new Thread(new Action2(factory)).start(); 15 new Thread(new Action2(factory)).start(); 16 new Thread(new Action2(factory)).start(); 17 } 18 19 } 20 class Factory{ 21 private int milk = 0; 22 boolean flag = false; 23 public void product(){ 24 System.out.println("productor = " +(++milk)); 25 } 26 public void consumer(){ 27 System.out.println("consumer = " + milk); 28 } 29 } 30 class Action1 implements Runnable { 31 private Factory factory; 32 Action1(Factory factory){ 33 this.factory = factory; 34 } 35 public void run(){ 36 while(true){ 37 synchronized(factory){ 38 while(factory.flag){ 39 try { 40 factory.wait(); 41 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 42 e.printStackTrace(); 43 } 44 } 45 factory.product(); 46 factory.flag = true; 47 factory.notifyAll(); 48 } 49 } 50 } 51 52 } 53 54 class Action2 implements Runnable{ 55 private Factory factory; 56 Action2(Factory factory){ 57 this.factory = factory; 58 } 59 public void run(){ 60 while(true){ 61 synchronized(factory){ 62 while(!factory.flag){ 63 try { 64 factory.wait(); 65 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 66 e.printStackTrace(); 67 } 68 } 69 factory.consumer(); 70 factory.flag = false; 71 factory.notifyAll(); 72 } 73 } 74 } 75 }
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