Muduo网络库源代码分析（六）TcpConnection 的生存期管理

TcpConnection是使用shared_ptr来管理的类，由于它的生命周期模糊。TcpConnection表示已经建立或正在建立的连接。建立连接后，用户仅仅须要在上层类如TcpServer中设置连接到来和消息到来的处理函数，继而回调TcpConnection中的 setConnectionCallback和setMessageCallback函数，实现对事件的处理。

用户须要关心的事件是有限的。其它都由网络库负责。

TcpConnection中封装了InputBuffer和OutputBuffer，用来表示应用层的缓冲区。在发送数据时，假设不能一次将Buffer中的数据发送完成，它还会继续关注Channel中的可写事件，当sockfd可写时，会再次发送。

前面提到TcpConnection的生存期模糊，主要是由于我们不能在TcpServer中直接erase掉TcpConnection对象。由于此时有可能Channel中的handleEvent还在运行，假设析构TcpConnection对象。那么他的成员channel_也会被析构，会导致core dump。也就是说我们须要TcpConnection 对象生存期要长于handleEvent() 函数，直到运行完connectDestroyed() 后才会析构。

断开连接： 
TcpConnection的断开是採用被动方式，即对方先关闭连接。本地read(2)返回0后。调用顺序例如以下： 
handleClose()->TcpServer::removeConnection->TcpConnection::connectDestroyed()。

详细我们查看以下的连接关闭时序图：

当连接到来，创建一个TcpConnection对象。立马用shared_ptr来管理，引用计数为1，在Channel中维护一个weak_ptr（tie_），将这个shared_ptr对象赋值给_tie。引用计数仍然为1。当连接关闭时，在handleEvent中，将tie_提升，得到一个shard_ptr对象，引用计数就变成了2。当shared_ptr的计数不为0时，TcpConnection不会被销毁。

TcpConnection.h

class TcpConnection : boost::noncopyable,
                      public boost::enable_shared_from_this<TcpConnection>
{
 public:
  /// Constructs a TcpConnection with a connected sockfd
  ///
  /// User should not create this object.
  TcpConnection(EventLoop* loop,
                const string& name,
                int sockfd,
                const InetAddress& localAddr,
                const InetAddress& peerAddr);
  ~TcpConnection();

  EventLoop* getLoop() const { return loop_; }
  const string& name() const { return name_; }
  const InetAddress& localAddress() { return localAddr_; }
  const InetAddress& peerAddress() { return peerAddr_; }
  bool connected() const { return state_ == kConnected; }

  void setConnectionCallback(const ConnectionCallback& cb)
  { connectionCallback_ = cb; }

  void setMessageCallback(const MessageCallback& cb)
  { messageCallback_ = cb; }

  /// Internal use only.
  void setCloseCallback(const CloseCallback& cb)
  { closeCallback_ = cb; }

  // called when TcpServer accepts a new connection
  void connectEstablished();   // should be called only once
  // called when TcpServer has removed me from its map
  void connectDestroyed();  // should be called only once

 private:
  enum StateE { kDisconnected, kConnecting, kConnected, kDisconnecting };
  void handleRead(Timestamp receiveTime);
  void handleClose();
  void handleError();
  void setState(StateE s) { state_ = s; }

  EventLoop* loop_;			// 所属EventLoop
  string name_;				// 连接名
  StateE state_;  // FIXME: use atomic variable
  // we don't expose those classes to client.
  boost::scoped_ptr<Socket> socket_;
  boost::scoped_ptr<Channel> channel_;
  InetAddress localAddr_;
  InetAddress peerAddr_;
  ConnectionCallback connectionCallback_;
  MessageCallback messageCallback_;
  CloseCallback closeCallback_;
};

typedef boost::shared_ptr<TcpConnection> TcpConnectionPtr;

}

TcpConnection.cc

TcpConnection::TcpConnection(EventLoop* loop,
                             const string& nameArg,
                             int sockfd,
                             const InetAddress& localAddr,
                             const InetAddress& peerAddr)
  : loop_(CHECK_NOTNULL(loop)),
    name_(nameArg),
    state_(kConnecting),
    socket_(new Socket(sockfd)),
    channel_(new Channel(loop, sockfd)),
    localAddr_(localAddr),
    peerAddr_(peerAddr)/*,
    highWaterMark_(64*1024*1024)*/
{
  // 通道可读事件到来的时候。回调TcpConnection::handleRead。_1是事件发生时间
  channel_->setReadCallback(
      boost::bind(&TcpConnection::handleRead, this, _1));
  // 连接关闭，回调TcpConnection::handleClose
  channel_->setCloseCallback(
      boost::bind(&TcpConnection::handleClose, this));
  // 错误发生，回调TcpConnection::handleError
  channel_->setErrorCallback(
      boost::bind(&TcpConnection::handleError, this));
  LOG_DEBUG << "TcpConnection::ctor[" <<  name_ << "] at " << this
            << " fd=" << sockfd;
  socket_->setKeepAlive(true);
}

TcpConnection::~TcpConnection()
{
  LOG_DEBUG << "TcpConnection::dtor[" <<  name_ << "] at " << this
            << " fd=" << channel_->fd();
}

void TcpConnection::connectEstablished()
{
  loop_->assertInLoopThread();
  assert(state_ == kConnecting);
  setState(kConnected);
  LOG_TRACE << "[3] usecount=" << shared_from_this().use_count();
  channel_->tie(shared_from_this());
  channel_->enableReading();	// TcpConnection所相应的通道增加到Poller关注

  connectionCallback_(shared_from_this());
  LOG_TRACE << "[4] usecount=" << shared_from_this().use_count();
}

void TcpConnection::connectDestroyed()
{
  loop_->assertInLoopThread();
  if (state_ == kConnected)
  {
    setState(kDisconnected);
    channel_->disableAll();

    connectionCallback_(shared_from_this());
  }
  channel_->remove();
}

void TcpConnection::handleRead(Timestamp receiveTime)
{
  /*
  loop_->assertInLoopThread();
  int savedErrno = 0;
  ssize_t n = inputBuffer_.readFd(channel_->fd(), &savedErrno);
  if (n > 0)
  {
    messageCallback_(shared_from_this(), &inputBuffer_, receiveTime);
  }
  else if (n == 0)
  {
    handleClose();
  }
  else
  {
    errno = savedErrno;
    LOG_SYSERR << "TcpConnection::handleRead";
    handleError();
  }
  */
  loop_->assertInLoopThread();
  int savedErrno = 0;
  char buf[65536];
  ssize_t n = ::read(channel_->fd(), buf, sizeof buf);
  if (n > 0)
  {
    messageCallback_(shared_from_this(), buf, n);
  }
  else if (n == 0)
  {
    handleClose();
  }
  else
  {
    errno = savedErrno;
    LOG_SYSERR << "TcpConnection::handleRead";
    handleError();
  }
  

Channel中对tie_的处理：

void Channel::handleEvent(Timestamp receiveTime)
{
  boost::shared_ptr<void> guard;
  if (tied_)
  {
    guard = tie_.lock();
    if (guard)
    {
      LOG_TRACE << "[6] usecount=" << guard.use_count();
      handleEventWithGuard(receiveTime);
	  LOG_TRACE << "[12] usecount=" << guard.use_count();
    }
  }
  else
  {
    handleEventWithGuard(receiveTime);
  }
}

參考：

《linux多线程服务端编程》

《muduo使用手冊》