#单例模式 : 多次实例化结果指向同一个实例
第一种 (基于classmethod)
class Mysql(object): _instance = None def __init__(self,ip,port): self.ip = ip self.port = port @classmethod def singleton(cls): if not cls._instance: cls._instance = Mysql('127.0.0.1',3306) return cls._instance obj1 = Mysql.singleton() obj2 = Mysql.singleton() print(obj1) #<__main__.Mysql object at 0x0000016C9659D048> print(obj2) #<__main__.Mysql object at 0x0000016C9659D048>
第二种(基于装饰器)
def singleton(cls): #该对象在类Mysql被装饰上singleton的时候就已经实例化完毕 _instance = cls('127.0.0.1',3306) def inner(*args,**kwargs): #判断是否传入参数,传入参数表示要实例化新的,不传表示默认的 if args or kwargs: obj = cls(*args,**kwargs) return obj return _instance return inner @singleton class Mysql: def __init__(self,ip,port): self.ip = ip self.port = port obj1 = Mysql(666,123) #<__main__.Mysql object at 0x0000011AA9F64630> obj2 = Mysql() #<__main__.Mysql object at 0x0000011AA9F54F28> obj3 = Mysql() #<__main__.Mysql object at 0x0000011AA9F54F28> print(obj1,obj2,obj3)
第三种(基于元类)
class MymeteClass(type): def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): if not hasattr(self,'instance'): self.instance = super().__call__(*args,**kwargs) return self.instance class Mysql(metaclass=MymeteClass): def __init__(self,host,port): self.host = host self.port = port obj = Mysql('asdf',123) obj1 = Mysql() print(obj,obj1) #<__main__.Mysql object at 0x0000016161CEE320> <__main__.Mysql object at 0x0000016161CEE320>
第四种(基于__new__)
class Singleton(object): _instance =None def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs): if not cls._instance: cls._instance = super(Singleton,cls).__new__(cls,*args,**kwargs) return cls._instance class MyClass(Singleton): a = 1 obj1 = MyClass() obj2 = MyClass() print(obj1,obj2) #<__main__.MyClass object at 0x000001AF7FB9C518> <__main__.MyClass object at 0x000001AF7FB9C518>
第五种(基于模块)
#单独在一个py文件中定义一个类,并实例化一个对象,之后在其他文件导入这一个对象,实现单例 class Singleton(object): def __int__(self,host,port): self.host = host self.port = port singleton = Singleton('127.0.0.1',3306)