人口分析 案例

需求：

• 导入文件，查看原始数据
• 将人口数据和各州简称数据进行合并
• 将合并的数据中重复的abbreviation列进行删除
• 查看存在缺失数据的列
• 找到有哪些state/region使得state的值为NaN，进行去重操作
• 为找到的这些state/region的state项补上正确的值，从而去除掉state这一列的所有NaN
• 合并各州面积数据areas
• 我们会发现area(sq.mi)这一列有缺失数据，找出是哪些行
• 去除含有缺失数据的行
• 找出2010年的全民人口数据
• 计算各州的人口密度
• 排序，并找出人口密度最高的五个州 df.sort_values()

import numpy as np
from pandas import DataFrame,Series
import pandas as pd

abb = pd.read_csv('./data/state-abbrevs.csv')
pop = pd.read_csv('./data/state-population.csv')
area = pd.read_csv('./data/state-areas.csv')

abb.head(2)

	state	abbreviation
0	Alabama	AL
1	Alaska	AK

pop.head(2)

	state/region	ages	year	population
0	AL	under18	2012	1117489.0
1	AL	total	2012	4817528.0

area.head(2)

	state	area (sq. mi)
0	Alabama	52423
1	Alaska	656425

1. 将人口数据和各州简称数据进行合并

# 将人口数据和各州简称数据进行合并
abb_pop = pd.merge(abb,pop,how='outer',left_on='abbreviation',right_on='state/region')
abb_pop.head(4)

	state	abbreviation	state/region	ages	year	population
0	Alabama	AL	AL	under18	2012	1117489.0
1	Alabama	AL	AL	total	2012	4817528.0
2	Alabama	AL	AL	under18	2010	1130966.0
3	Alabama	AL	AL	total	2010	4785570.0

2.将合并的数据中重复的abbreviation列进行删除

abb_pop.drop(labels='abbreviation',axis=1,inplace=True)

abb_pop.head(4)

	state	state/region	ages	year	population
0	Alabama	AL	under18	2012	1117489.0
1	Alabama	AL	total	2012	4817528.0
2	Alabama	AL	under18	2010	1130966.0
3	Alabama	AL	total	2010	4785570.0

3.查看存在缺失数据的列

#查看存在缺失数据的列
# abb_pop.loc[]
abb_pop.isnull().any(axis=0)

state            True
state/region    False
ages            False
year            False
population       True
dtype: bool

4.找到有哪些state/region使得state的值为NaN，进行去重操作

#找到有哪些state/region使得state的值为NaN，进行去重操作

# 判断是否为空
abb_pop['state'].isnull()

# 定位到 state 为空的数据
abb_pop.loc[abb_pop['state'].isnull()]

#将结果中的state/region列取出，返回的是一个Series
abb_pop.loc[abb_pop['state'].isnull()]['state/region']

#对Series进行去重
abb_pop.loc[abb_pop['state'].isnull()]['state/region'].unique()

• array(['USA'], dtype=object)

#为找到的这些state/region的state项补上正确的值，从而去除掉state这一列的所有NaN
abb_pop.loc[abb_pop['state/region'] == 'PR']

PR_indexs = abb_pop.loc[abb_pop['state/region'] == 'PR'].index
PR_indexs

Int64Index([2448, 2449, 2450, 2451, 2452, 2453, 2454, 2455, 2456, 2457, 2458,
            2459, 2460, 2461, 2462, 2463, 2464, 2465, 2466, 2467, 2468, 2469,
            2470, 2471, 2472, 2473, 2474, 2475, 2476, 2477, 2478, 2479, 2480,
            2481, 2482, 2483, 2484, 2485, 2486, 2487, 2488, 2489, 2490, 2491,
            2492, 2493, 2494, 2495],
           dtype='int64')

5.给对应的 空值赋值

abb_pop.loc[PR_indexs,'state'] = 'ppprrr'

usa_index = abb_pop.loc[abb_pop['state/region'] == 'USA'].index
# abb_pop.loc[usa_index,'state'] = 'Alabama'
abb_pop.loc[usa_index,'state']

6.合并各州面积数据areas

area.head()
abb_pop_area = pd.merge(abb_pop,area,how='outer')
abb_pop_area.head()

	state	state/region	ages	year	population	area (sq. mi)
0	Alabama	AL	under18	2012.0	1117489.0	52423.0
1	Alabama	AL	total	2012.0	4817528.0	52423.0
2	Alabama	AL	under18	2010.0	1130966.0	52423.0
3	Alabama	AL	total	2010.0	4785570.0	52423.0
4	Alabama	AL	under18	2011.0	1125763.0	52423.0

7.我们会发现area(sq.mi)这一列有缺失数据，找出是哪些行

#我们会发现area(sq.mi)这一列有缺失数据，找出是哪些行
abb_pop_area['area (sq. mi)'].isnull()
indexs = abb_pop_area.loc[abb_pop_area['area (sq. mi)'].isnull()].index

8.去除含有缺失数据的行

#去除含有缺失数据的行
abb_pop_area.drop(labels=indexs,axis=0,inplace=True)

9.找出2010年的全民人口数据

#找出2010年的全民人口数据
abb_pop_area.query('year == 2010 & ages == "total"')

10.计算各州的人口密度

#计算各州的人口密度
abb_pop_area['population']/abb_pop_area['area (sq. mi)']

# 将数据添加到 总数据中
abb_pop_area['midu'] = abb_pop_area['population']/abb_pop_area['area (sq. mi)']
abb_pop_area.head()

	state	state/region	ages	year	population	area (sq. mi)	midu
0	Alabama	AL	under18	2012.0	1117489.0	52423.0	21.316769
1	Alabama	AL	total	2012.0	4817528.0	52423.0	91.897221
2	Alabama	AL	under18	2010.0	1130966.0	52423.0	21.573851
3	Alabama	AL	total	2010.0	4785570.0	52423.0	91.287603
4	Alabama	AL	under18	2011.0	1125763.0	52423.0	21.474601

11.排序，并找出人口密度最高的五个州 df.sort_values()

##排序，并找出人口密度最高的五个州 df.sort_values()
# ascending=False 倒叙
abb_pop_area.sort_values('midu',axis=0,ascending=False).head(5)

	state	state/region	ages	year	population	area (sq. mi)	midu
439	District of Columbia	DC	total	2013.0	646449.0	68.0	9506.602941
433	District of Columbia	DC	total	2012.0	633427.0	68.0	9315.102941
435	District of Columbia	DC	total	2011.0	619624.0	68.0	9112.117647
479	District of Columbia	DC	total	1990.0	605321.0	68.0	8901.779412
437	District of Columbia	DC	total	2010.0	605125.0	68.0	8898.897059

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhang-zi-yi/p/10749490.html