Linux系统下的软RAID1
实验环境：vmware虚拟机
1.         添加三块硬盘（其中一块做hot spare），sdb、sdc、sdd，添加完成后，启动linux，用fdisk –l命令查看<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

[root@ning ~]# fdisk -l
 Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

 

Disk /dev/sdc: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
Disk /dev/sdd: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
2.         用fdisk命令创建分区

[root@ning ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb                       *进入目标设备

 

Command (m for help): ?                               *打？，显示所有任务
?: unknown command
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition                                               *删除分区
   l   list known partition types                                   *显示支持分区
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition                                            *创建分区
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes                                *不保存退出
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id                            *修改分区类型
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit                               *保存退出
   x   extra functionality (experts only)
按n，进入创建分区子选项
Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p                                                                               *创建主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-130, default 1):          *直接按enter键，默认设置最大
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-130, default 130):
Using default value 130

 

Command (m for help): w                                         *保存
The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
再分别创建其他两个分区
3.         用mdadm命令创建RAID

-- create  -C 创建磁盘阵列 ： 参数 阵列设备 /dev/mdx
-- level   -l 制定阵列类型 :  参数 raidx
-- raid-devices -n 制定阵列内包含设备： 参数 数量、设备
2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
[root@ning ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l raid1 -n 2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
mdadm: /dev/sdb1 appears to contain an ext2fs file system
    size=1044096K  mtime=Thu Nov  5 16:08:28 2009
mdadm: /dev/sdb1 appears to be part of a raid array:
    level=raid1 devices=3 ctime=Thu Nov  5 18:16:44 2009
mdadm: /dev/sdc1 appears to contain an ext2fs file system
    size=1044096K  mtime=Thu Nov  5 16:08:28 2009
mdadm: /dev/sdc1 appears to be part of a raid array:
    level=raid1 devices=3 ctime=Thu Nov  5 18:16:44 2009
Continue creating array? Y                                           *y，yes
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.

 

[root@ning ~]# cat /proc/mdstat                                 *查看创建结果
Personalities : [raid1]
md0 : active raid1 sdc1[1] sdb1[0]
      1044096 blocks [2/2] [UU]

 

unused devices: <none>

 

[root@ning ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0                         *查看详细信息
/dev/md0:
        Version : 00.90.03
  Creation Time : Thu Nov  5 18:24:08 2009
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 1044096 (1019.80 MiB 1069.15 MB)
  Used Dev Size : 1044096 (1019.80 MiB 1069.15 MB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 2
Preferred Minor : 0
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

 

    Update Time : Thu Nov  5 18:24:21 2009
          State : clean
 Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

 

           UUID : ae669b67:2ab07be0:9a080fd7:8a195d80
         Events : 0.2

 

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       17        0      active sync   /dev/sdb1
       1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1

 

4.         格式化

[root@ning ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0                    *以ext3文件系统格式化
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
130560 inodes, 261024 blocks
13051 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16320 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

 

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

 

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 29 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
5.         挂载

[root@ning ~]# mkdir abc                                *创建目录abc
[root@ning ~]# mount /dev/md0 /root/abc    *挂在到/root/abc目录下
[root@ning ~]# df –h                                       *查看挂载是否成功
文件系统              容量  已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda6              14G  596M   12G   5% /
/dev/sda3             2.0G  108M  1.8G   6% /var
/dev/sda2             3.8G  2.7G 1003M  73% /usr
/dev/sda1              99M   11M   83M  12% /boot
tmpfs                 125M     0  125M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/md0             1004M   18M  936M   2% /root/abc
6.         设置raid初始化

[root@ning ~]# vi /etc/mdadm.conf                  *mdadm.conf为raid初始化编辑文件
DEVICE /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
ARRAY /dev/md0 DEVICE=/dev/sdb1,/dev/sdc1
：wq                                                                      *保存退出vi
7.         配置自动挂载

[root@ning ~]# vi /etc/fstab
LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
LABEL=/var              /var                    ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/usr              /usr                    ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda5         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/md0                /root/abc               ext3    defaults        0 0
# Beginning of the block added by the VMware software
.host:/                 /mnt/hgfs               vmhgfs  defaults,ttl=5     0 0
# End of the block added by the VMware software
注释：/dev/md0为挂载设备
           /root/abc为挂载点
           ext3     为文件类型
           defaults  为挂在选项
           第一个0，是否备份分区文件，0不备份1备份
           第二个0，fsck 0不检查，1出现错误检查，2每次检查
8.         停止与启动

停止与启动都会根据/etc/mdadm.conf来操作
mdadm --stop /dev/md0
mdadm --assemble /dev/md0

9.         Hot spare

[root@ning ~]# mdadm /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sdb1         *让sdb1出现故障
mdadm: unrecognised word on ARRAY line: DEVICE=/dev/sdb1,/dev/sdc1
mdadm: ARRAY line /dev/md0 has no identity information.
mdadm: set /dev/sdb1 faulty in /dev/md0

 

[root@ning ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0                            *查看md0状态
mdadm: unrecognised word on ARRAY line: DEVICE=/dev/sdb1,/dev/sdc1
mdadm: ARRAY line /dev/md0 has no identity information.
/dev/md0:
        Version : 00.90.03
  Creation Time : Thu Nov  5 18:24:08 2009
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 1044096 (1019.80 MiB 1069.15 MB)
  Used Dev Size : 1044096 (1019.80 MiB 1069.15 MB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 2
Preferred Minor : 0
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

 

    Update Time : Thu Nov  5 19:00:36 2009
          State : clean, degraded
 Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
 Failed Devices : 1
  Spare Devices : 0

 

           UUID : ae669b67:2ab07be0:9a080fd7:8a195d80
         Events : 0.4

 

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       0        0        0      removed
       1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1

 

       2       8       17        -      faulty spare   /dev/sdb1

 

[root@ning ~]# mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdd1                  *添加sdd1
mdadm: unrecognised word on ARRAY line: DEVICE=/dev/sdb1,/dev/sdc1
mdadm: ARRAY line /dev/md0 has no identity information.
mdadm: added /dev/sdd1

 

[root@ning ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0                                 *查看md0状态
mdadm: unrecognised word on ARRAY line: DEVICE=/dev/sdb1,/dev/sdc1
mdadm: ARRAY line /dev/md0 has no identity information.
/dev/md0:
        Version : 00.90.03
  Creation Time : Thu Nov  5 18:24:08 2009
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 1044096 (1019.80 MiB 1069.15 MB)
  Used Dev Size : 1044096 (1019.80 MiB 1069.15 MB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 3
Preferred Minor : 0
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

 

    Update Time : Thu Nov  5 19:02:48 2009
          State : clean
 Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
 Failed Devices : 1
  Spare Devices : 0

 

           UUID : ae669b67:2ab07be0:9a080fd7:8a195d80
         Events : 0.6

 

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       49        0      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1

 

       2       8       17        -      faulty spare   /dev/sdb1
[root@ning ~]# mdadm /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sdb1  *拿掉sdb1
10.     Linux下的raid1配置完成，raid5的设置与此类似，需要至少3块磁盘，最好准备4块，其中一块做为热备份。