linux读写 io,Linux读写IO负载

磁盘IO读写的监控有一些实用的工具，做个总结

1：iotop

顾名思义，top前面加了一个io；安装起来也很方面，直接装就是了，运行也简单

~# iotop -o

Total DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE: 664.62 M/s

TID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO> COMMAND

8410 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 77.37 % dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/1Gb.file bs=1M count=1000

1998 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.15 % [flush-254:0]

2230 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 456.74 K/s 0.00 % 0.00 % rsyslogd -c5

-o只列出有IO的进程

2：iostat

debian7上，这玩意还比较难找，用apt-cache search可以找到，应该安装的是这个

sysstat - system performance tools for Linux

这里打印IO的同时，device也打印了出来

~# iostat -d -m 1 5

Linux 3.2.0-4-amd64 (haitao-47) 11/07/2015 _x86_64_(32 CPU)

Device: tps MB_read/s MB_wrtn/s MB_read MB_wrtn

vda 122.72 0.00 60.25 359 7841638

Device: tps MB_read/s MB_wrtn/s MB_read MB_wrtn

vda 359.00 0.00 178.71 0 178

Device: tps MB_read/s MB_wrtn/s MB_read MB_wrtn

vda 619.00 0.00 308.50 0 308

Device: tps MB_read/s MB_wrtn/s MB_read MB_wrtn

vda 473.00 0.00 236.50 0 236

Device: tps MB_read/s MB_wrtn/s MB_read MB_wrtn

vda 805.00 0.00 402.50 0 402

3：iodump

这是一个用perl写的脚本，输出有点非主流；首先系统准备工作，清除dmesg的信息，关闭klogd，打开消息开关；当这个block开关打开之后，内核就会记录下每一个IO的操作信息，最后perl脚本里再来进行分析

#!/usr/bin/env perl

=pod

=head1 NAME

iodump - Compute per-PID I/O stats for Linux when iotop/pidstat/iopp are not available.

=head1 SYNOPSIS

Prepare the system:

dmesg -c

/etc/init.d/klogd stop

echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/block_dump

Start the reporting:

while true; do sleep 1; dmesg -c; done | perl iodump

CTRL-C

Stop the system from dumping these messages:

echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/block_dump

/etc/init.d/klogd start

=head1 AUTHOR

Baron Schwartz, inspired by L

=head1 LICENSE

This software is released to the public domain, with no guarantees whatsoever.

=cut

use strict;

use warnings FATAL => 'all';

use English qw(-no_match_vars);

use sigtrap qw(handler finish untrapped normal-signals);

my %tasks;

my $oktorun = 1;

my $line;

while ( $oktorun && (defined ($line = <>)) ) {

my ( $task, $pid, $activity, $where, $device );

( $task, $pid, $activity, $where, $device )

= $line =~ m/(\S+)\((\d+)\): (READ|WRITE) block (\d+) on (\S+)/;

if ( !$task ) {

( $task, $pid, $activity, $where, $device )

= $line =~ m/(\S+)\((\d+)\): (dirtied) inode \(.*?\) (\d+) on (\S+)/;

}

if ( $task ) {

my $s = $tasks{$pid} ||= { pid => $pid, task => $task };

++$s->{lc $activity};

++$s->{activity};

++$s->{devices}->{$device};

}

}

printf("%-15s %10s %10s %10s %10s %10s %s\n",

qw(TASK PID TOTAL READ WRITE DIRTY DEVICES));

foreach my $task (

reverse sort { $a->{activity} <=> $b->{activity} } values %tasks

) {

printf("%-15s %10d %10d %10d %10d %10d %s\n",

$task->{task}, $task->{pid},

($task->{'activity'} || 0),

($task->{'read'} || 0),

($task->{'write'} || 0),

($task->{'dirty'} || 0),

join(', ', keys %{$task->{devices}}));

}

sub finish {

my ( $signal ) = @_;

if ( $oktorun ) {

print STDERR "# Caught SIG$signal.\n";

$oktorun = 0;

}

else {

print STDERR "# Exiting on SIG$signal.\n";

exit(1);

}

}

但是最终通过扑捉信号，不过既然这个很多人都强烈推荐，那就按官方要求运行吧

while true; do sleep 1; dmesg -c; done | perl iodump.pl

最终通过ctrl+c获得结果

~# while true; do sleep 1; dmesg -c; done | perl iodump.pl

^C# Caught SIGINT.

TASK PID TOTAL READ WRITE DIRTY DEVICES

dd 10679 2001 0 2001 0 vda1

dd 10550 2001 0 2001 0 vda1

dd 10711 2001 0 2001 0 vda1

dd 10560 2001 0 2001 0 vda1

dd 10567 2001 0 2001 0 vda1

dd 10655 2001 0 2001 0 vda1

dd 10625 2001 0 2001 0 vda1

dd 10645 2001 0 2001 0 vda1

dd 10634 2001 0 2001 0 vda1

dd 10548 1428 0 1428 0 vda1

flush-254:0 1998 613 0 613 0 vda1

dd 10731 602 0 602 0 vda1

jbd2/vda1-8 370 331 0 331 0 vda1

sendmail 10595 2 0 2 0 vda1

exim4 10614 1 0 1 0 vda1

python 10605 1 0 1 0 vda1

exim4 10616 1 0 1 0 vda1

但是这里打印数据的单位是block，这里block块大小取决于创建文件系统的时候，可以通过命令查看

~# stat /boot

File: `/boot'

Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 directory

Device: fe01h/65025dInode: 652812 Links: 3

Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)

Access: 2015-11-06 17:49:27.866159150 +0800

Modify: 2015-11-07 14:20:21.374693644 +0800

Change: 2015-11-07 14:20:21.374693644 +0800

Birth: -

4：dstat

这一个应该是最爽的，有时候看网络流量也行，安装很简单，直接装就行，运行也简单

~# dstat

You did not select any stats, using -cdngy by default.

----total-cpu-usage---- -dsk/total- -net/total- ---paging-- ---system--

usr sys idl wai hiq siq| read writ| recv send| in out | int csw

0 1 98 0 0 0|2862B 63M| 0 0 | 0 0 | 11k 17k

0 1 97 2 0 0| 0 371M| 652M 965k| 0 0 | 10k 15k

0 1 97 1 0 0| 0 114M| 668M 1011k| 0 0 |9942 16k

0 1 98 1 0 0| 0 115M| 680M 1036k| 0 0 |9914 17k

0 2 97 1 0 0| 0 152M| 652M 979k| 0 0 | 10k 16k

0 2 97 0 0 1| 0 0 | 701M 1089k| 0 0 | 13k 18k

0 2 97 0 0 1| 0 0 | 700M 1077k| 0 0 | 13k 18k

0 2 97 1 0 0| 0 293M| 641M 962k| 0 0 | 10k 16k

0 1 97 1 0 0| 0 355M| 599M 891k| 0 0 |8955 14k

0 1 97 2 0 0| 0 344M| 634M 946k| 0 0 | 11k 16k

0 4 96 0 0 0| 0 8196k| 688M 1042k| 0 0 | 11k 17k

0 2 97 1 0 0| 0 203M| 642M 962k| 0 0 | 10k 16k

0 1 97 1 0 0| 0 391M| 608M 878k| 0 0 |9231 14k

可以看到，此时不仅仅有磁盘写，而且还有网络流量600~700MB