最近学习Struts2,阅读一些好的博客。收集有关。
原博文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/zz_mm/article/details/5460397
<!
DOCTYPE
struts
PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"
>
<
struts
>
<!-- struts2
的
action
必须放在一个指定的包空间下定义
-->
<
package
name
=
"default"
extends
=
"struts-default"
>
<!--
定义处理请求
URL
为
login.action
的
Action -->
<
action
name
=
"login"
class
=
"org.qiujy.web.struts.action.LoginAction"
>
<!--
定义处理结果字符串和资源之间的映射关系
-->
<
result
name
=
"success"
>
/success.jsp
</
result
>
<
result
name
=
"error"
>
/error.jsp
</
result
>
</
action
>
</
package
>
</
struts
>
|
<!
DOCTYPE
struts
PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"
>
<
struts
>
<!-- struts2
的
action
必须放在一个指定的包空间下定义
-->
<
package
name
=
"qiujy"
extends
=
"struts-default"
>
<!--
定义处理请求
URL
为
login.action
的
Action -->
<
action
name
=
"login"
class
=
"org.qiujy.web.struts2.action.LoginAction"
>
<!--
定义处理结果字符串和资源之间的映射关系
-->
<
result
name
=
"success"
>
/success.jsp
</
result
>
<
result
name
=
"error"
>
/error.jsp
</
result
>
</
action
>
</
package
>
<
package
name
=
"my"
extends
=
"struts-default"
namespace
=
"/manage"
>
<!--
定义处理请求
URL
为
login.action
的
Action -->
<
action
name
=
"backLogin"
class
=
"org.qiujy.web.struts2.action.LoginAction"
>
<!--
定义处理结果字符串和资源之间的映射关系
-->
<
result
name
=
"success"
>
/success.jsp
</
result
>
<
result
name
=
"error"
>
/error.jsp
</
result
>
</
action
>
</
package
>
</
struts
>
|
<
struts
>
<
include
file
=
"struts-default.xml"
/>
<
include
file
=
"struts-user.xml"
/>
<
include
file
=
"struts-book.xml"
/>
<
include
file
=
"struts-shoppingCart.xml"
/>
......
</
struts
>
|
除此之外。Struts2框架还包括了一个struts.properties文件,该文件主义了Struts2框架的大量常量属性。但通常推荐也是在struts.xml文件里来配置这些常量属性。
<
struts
>
......
<
constant
name
=
"struts.custom.i18n.resources"
value
=
"messages"
/>
</
struts
>
|
(可是,我们为了方便实现Action。大多数情况下都会继承com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport类,并重写此类里的public String execute() throws Exception方法。由于此类中实现了非常多的有用接口,提供了非常多默认方法,这些默认方法包含获取国际化信息的方法、数据校验的方法、默认的处理用户请求的方法等。这样能够大大的简化Action的开发。)
(当然,Action类中还能够封装处理结果。把处理结果信息当作一属性,提供相应的getter和setter方法)
package
org.qiujy.web.struts2.action;
import
com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
/**
*
@author
qiujy
*
@version
1.0
*/
publicclass
LoginAction
extends ActionSupport{
private
String
userName
;
private
String
password
;
private String msg; //结果信息属性
/**
*
@return
the
msg
*/
public
String getMsg() {
return
msg
;
}
/**
*
@param
msg
the
msg
to
set
*/
publicvoid
setMsg(String msg) {
this
.
msg
= msg;
}
/**
*
@return
the
userName
*/
public
String getUserName() {
return
userName
;
}
/**
*
@param
userName
the
userName
to
set
*/
publicvoid
setUserName(String userName) {
this
.
userName
= userName;
}
/**
*
@return
the
password
*/
public
String getPassword() {
return
password
;
}
/**
*
@param
password
the
password
to
set
*/
publicvoid
setPassword(String password) {
this
.
password
= password;
}
/**
*
处理用户请求的
excute()
方法
*
@return
结果导航字符串
*
@throws
Exception
*/
public String execute() throws Exception{
if("test".equals(this.userName) &&
"test".equals(this.password)){
msg = "登录成功。欢迎" + this.userName;
returnthis.SUCCESS;
}else{
msg = "登录失败,username或password错";
returnthis.ERROR;
}
}
}
|
Struts2中提供了一个ActionContext类(当前Action的上下文对象),通过这个类能够訪问Servlet API。以下是该类中提供的几个经常用法:
类似于调用HttpServletRequest对象的getParameterMap() 方法。
public
String execute()
throws
Exception{
if
(
"test"
.equals(
this
.
userName
) &&
"test"
.equals(
this
.
password
)){
msg
=
"
登录成功,欢迎
"
+
this
.
userName
;
//
获取
ActionContext
实例。通过它来訪问
Servlet API
ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext();
//
看
session
中是否已经存放了username,假设存放了:说明已经登录了;
//
否则说明是第一次登录成功
if
(
null
!= context.getSession().get(
"uName"
)){
msg
=
this
.
userName
+
"
:你已经登录过了
!!!"
;
}
else
{
context.getSession().put(
"uName"
,
this
.
userName
);
}
returnthis
.
SUCCESS
;
}
else
{
msg
=
"
登录失败,username或password错
"
;
returnthis
.
ERROR
;
}
}
|
Struts2也提供了类似的功能。处理方式主要有下面三种方式:
<form method="post"
action="userOpt!login.action">
|
package
org.qiujy.web.struts2.action;
import
com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import
com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
/**
*
@author
qiujy
*
@version
1.0
*/
publicclass
LoginAction
extends
ActionSupport{
private
String
userName
;
private
String
password
;
private
String
msg
;
//
结果信息属性
/**
*
@return
the
msg
*/
public
String getMsg() {
return
msg
;
}
/**
*
@param
msg
the
msg
to
set
*/
publicvoid
setMsg(String msg) {
this
.
msg
= msg;
}
/**
*
@return
the
userName
*/
public
String getUserName() {
return
userName
;
}
/**
*
@param
userName
the
userName
to
set
*/
publicvoid
setUserName(String userName) {
this
.
userName
= userName;
}
/**
*
@return
the
password
*/
public
String getPassword() {
return
password
;
}
/**
*
@param
password
the
password
to
set
*/
publicvoid
setPassword(String password) {
this
.
password
= password;
}
/**
*
处理用户请求的
login()
方法
*
@return
结果导航字符串
*
@throws
Exception
*/
public String login() throws Exception{
if
(
"test"
.equals(
this
.
userName
) &&
"test"
.equals(
this
.
password
)){
msg
=
"
登录成功,欢迎
"
+
this
.
userName
;
//
获取
ActionContext
实例。通过它来訪问
Servlet API
ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext();
//
看
session
中是否已经存放了username。假设存放了:说明已经登录了;
//
否则说明是第一次登录成功
if
(
null
!= context.getSession().get(
"uName"
)){
msg
=
this
.
userName
+
"
:你已经登录过了
!!!"
;
}
else
{
context.getSession().put(
"uName"
,
this
.
userName
);
}
returnthis
.
SUCCESS
;
}
else
{
msg
=
"
登录失败,username或password错
"
;
returnthis
.
ERROR
;
}
}
public String regist() throws Exception{
//
将username,password加入到数据库中
//...
msg
=
"
注冊成功。
"
;
returnthis
.
SUCCESS
;
}
}
|
<!
DOCTYPE
struts
PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"
>
<
struts
>
<
package
name
=
"my"
extends
=
"struts-default"
namespace
=
"/manage"
>
<!--
定义处理请求
URL
为
login.action
的
Action -->
<
action
name
=
"userOpt"
class
=
"org.qiujy.web.struts2.action.LoginAction"
>
<!--
定义处理结果字符串和资源之间的映射关系
-->
<
result
name
=
"success"
>
/success.jsp
</
result
>
<
result
name
=
"error"
>
/error.jsp
</
result
>
</
action
>
</
package
>
</
struts
>
|
<%@
page
language
=
"java"
pageEncoding
=
"UTF-8"
%>
<
html
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
用户登录页面
</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h2
>
用户入口
</
h2
>
<
hr
>
<form action="manage/userOpt!login.action" method="post">
<
table
border
=
"1"
>
<
tr
>
<
td
>
username:
</
td
>
<
td
><
input
type
=
"text"
name
=
"userName"
/></
td
>
</
tr
>
<
tr
>
<
td
>
password:
</
td
>
<
td
><
input
type
=
"password"
name
=
"password"
/></
td
>
</
tr
>
<
tr
>
<
td
colspan
=
"2"
>
<
input
type
=
"submit"
value
=
"
确定
"
/>
</
td
>
</
tr
>
</
table
>
</
form
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
|
<%@
page
language
=
"java"
pageEncoding
=
"UTF-8"
%>
<
html
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
用户注冊页面
</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h2
>
用户注冊
</
h2
>
<
hr
>
<
form
action
=
"manage/userOpt!regist.action"
method
=
"post"
>
<
table
border
=
"1"
>
<
tr
>
<
td
>
username:
</
td
>
<
td
><
input
type
=
"text"
name
=
"userName"
/></
td
>
</
tr
>
<
tr
>
<
td
>
password:
</
td
>
<
td
><
input
type
=
"password"
name
=
"password"
/></
td
>
</
tr
>
<
tr
>
<
td
colspan
=
"2"
>
<
input
type
=
"submit"
value
=
"
注冊
"
/>
</
td
>
</
tr
>
</
table
>
</
form
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
|
![](http://image.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2008/5/15/61497_1262211_1.bmp)
![](http://image.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2008/5/15/61497_1262211_2.bmp)
![](http://image.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2008/5/15/61497_1262211_3.bmp)
![](http://image.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2008/5/15/61497_1262211_4.bmp)
<!
DOCTYPE
struts
PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"
>
<
struts
>
<
package
name
=
"my"
extends
=
"struts-default"
namespace
=
"/manage"
>
<
action
name
=
"userLogin"
class
=
"org.qiujy.web.struts2.action.LoginAction"
method
=
"login"
>
<
result
name
=
"success"
>
/success.jsp
</
result
>
<
result
name
=
"error"
>
/error.jsp
</
result
>
</
action
>
<
action
name
=
"userRegist"
class
=
"org.qiujy.web.struts2.action.LoginAction"
method
=
"regist"
>
<
result
name
=
"success"
>
/success.jsp
</
result
>
<
result
name
=
"error"
>
/error.jsp
</
result
>
</
action
>
</
package
>
</
struts
>
|
<
action
name
=
"user_*"
class
=
"org.qiujy.web.struts2.action.UserAction"
method
=
"{1}"
>
<
result
name
=
"success"
>
/success.jsp
</
result
>
<
result
name
=
"error"
>
/error.jsp
</
result
>
</
action
>
|
同一时候method属性值为一个表达式{1}。表示它的值是name属性值中第一个*的值。比如:用户请求URL为user_login.action时。将调用到UserAction类的login方法;用户请求URL为user_regist.action时。将调用到UserAction类的regist方法。
Struts2通过配置逻辑视图名和物理视图资源之间的映射关系,一旦系统收到Action返回的某个逻辑视图名。系统就会把相应的物理视图资源呈现给浏览者。
<global-results>
<result name="error">/Error.jsp</result>
<result name="invalid.token">/Error.jsp</result>
<result name="login" type="redirect-action">Logon!input</result>
</global-results>
|
名字
|
说明
|
chain
|
用来处理Action链
|
dispatcher
|
用来转向页面。通常处理JSP,这是默认的结果类型
|
freeMarker
|
处理FreeMarker模板
|
httpHeader
|
用来控制特殊的Http行为
|
redirect
|
重定向到一个URL
|
redirect-action
|
重定向到一个Action
|
stream
|
向浏览器发送InputSream对象,通经常使用来处理文件下载
|
velocity
|
处理Velocity模板
|
xslt
|
处理XML/XLST模板
|
plaintext
|
显示原始文件内容。比如文件源码
|
tiles
|
结合Tile使用
|
private String nextAction;
public String getNextAction() {
return nextAction;
}
|
<action name="fragment" class="FragmentAction">
<result name="next" type="redirect-action">${nextAction}</result>
</action>
|
简单的说。就是使用Action实例来封装请求參数和处理结果信息。
前面我们做的演示样例都属于属性驱动模式。
也就是说。使用单独的VO(值对象)来封装请求參数和处理结果信息。
package
org.qiujy.domain;
publicclass
User {
private
String
userName
;
private
String
password
;
/**
*
@return
the
userName
*/
public
String getUserName() {
return
userName
;
}
/**
*
@param
userName
the
userName
to
set
*/
publicvoid
setUserName(String userName) {
this
.
userName
= userName;
}
/**
*
@return
the
password
*/
public
String getPassword() {
return
password
;
}
/**
*
@param
password
the
password
to
set
*/
publicvoid
setPassword(String password) {
this
.
password
= password;
}
}
|
package
org.qiujy.web.struts2.action;
import
org.qiujy.domain.User;
import
com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import
com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
publicclass
UserAction
extends
ActionSupport{
//
定义用于封装请求參数的模型对象
private
User
user
=
new
User();
private
String
msg
;
//
结果信息属性
/**
*
@return
the
user
*/
public
User getUser() {
return
user
;
}
/**
*
@param
user
the
user
to
set
*/
publicvoid
setUser(User user) {
this
.
user
= user;
}
/**
*
@return
the
msg
*/
public
String getMsg() {
return
msg
;
}
/**
*
@param
msg
the
msg
to
set
*/
publicvoid
setMsg(String msg) {
this
.
msg
= msg;
}
/**
*
处理用户请求的
login()
方法
*
@return
结果导航字符串
*
@throws
Exception
*/
public
String login()
throws
Exception{
String userName =
user
.getUserName();
String password =
user
.getPassword();
if
(
"test"
.equals(userName) &&
"test"
.equals(password)){
msg
=
"
登录成功,欢迎
"
+ userName;
//
获取
ActionContext
实例,通过它来訪问
Servlet API
ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext();
//
看
session
中是否已经存放了username,假设存放了:说明已经登录了;否则说明是第一次登录成功
if
(
null
!= context.getSession().get(
"uName"
)){
msg
= userName +
"
:你已经登录过了
!!!"
;
}
else
{
context.getSession().put(
"uName"
, userName);
}
returnthis
.
SUCCESS
;
}
else
{
msg
=
"
登录失败。username或password错
"
;
returnthis
.
ERROR
;
}
}
public
String regist()
throws
Exception{
//
将username,password加入到数据库中
//...
msg
=
"
注冊成功。
"
;
returnthis
.
SUCCESS
;
}
}
|
<!
DOCTYPE
struts
PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"
>
<
struts
>
<
package
name
=
"my"
extends
=
"struts-default"
namespace
=
"/manage"
>
<
action
name
=
"userOpt"
class
=
"org.qiujy.web.struts2.action.UserAction"
>
<
result
name
=
"success"
>
/success.jsp
</
result
>
<
result
name
=
"error"
>
/error.jsp
</
result
>
</
action
>
</
package
>
</
struts
>
|
<%@
page
language
=
"java"
pageEncoding
=
"UTF-8"
%>
<
html
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
用户登录页面
</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h2
>
用户入口
</
h2
>
<
hr
>
<
form
action
=
"manage/userOpt!login.action"
method
=
"post"
>
<
table
border
=
"1"
>
<
tr
>
<
td
>
username:
</
td
>
<
td
>
<input type="text" name="user.userName"/>
</
td
>
</
tr
>
<
tr
>
<
td
>
password:
</
td
>
<
td
>
<input type="password" name="user.password"/>
</
td
>
</
tr
>
<
tr
>
<
td
colspan
=
"2"
>
<
input
type
=
"submit"
value
=
"
确定
"
/>
</
td
>
</
tr
>
</
table
>
</
form
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
|
Struts2提供了一种声明式的异常处理方式。
Struts2也是通过配置的拦截器来实现异常处理机制的。
public
String regist()
throws
Exception{
//
将username。password加入到数据库中
//...
//msg = "
注冊成功。
";
if(true){
throw new java.sql.SQLException("没有数据库驱动程序");
}
return this.SUCCESS;
}
|
<!
DOCTYPE
struts
PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"
>
<
struts
>
<
package
name
=
"my"
extends
=
"struts-default"
namespace
=
"/manage"
>
<!--
定义全局处理结果
-->
<
global-results
>
<!--
逻辑名为
sql
的结果,映射到
/exception.jsp
页面
-->
<
result
name
=
"sql"
>
/exception.jsp
</
result
>
</
global-results
>
<
global-exception-mappings
>
<!--
当
Action
抛出
SQLException
异常时,转入名为
sql
的结果
-->
<
exception-mapping
exception
=
"java.sql.SQLException"
result
=
"sql"
/>
</
global-exception-mappings
>
<
action
name
=
"userOpt"
class
=
"org.qiujy.web.struts2.action.UserAction"
>
<
result
name
=
"success"
>
/success.jsp
</
result
>
<
result
name
=
"error"
>
/error.jsp
</
result
>
</
action
>
</
package
>
</
struts
>
|
<%@
page
language
=
"java"
pageEncoding
=
"utf-8"
%>
<%@
taglib
uri
=
"/struts-tags"
prefix
=
"s"
%>
<
html
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
异常信息
</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h2
>
出现异常啦
</
h2
>
<
hr
/>
<
h3
style
=
"color:red"
>
<!--
获得异常对象
-->
<
s:property
value
=
"exception.message"
/>
</
h3
>
<
br
/>
<!--
异常堆栈信息
-->
<
s:property
value
=
"exceptionStack"
/>
</
html
>
|
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