一.Python中的流程控制--if判断语句
1.if 用法举例:
if语句写法:
if expression:
statement(s)
注:python使用缩进作为其语句分组的方法,建议使用4个空格。
(1)条件为真true (非空的量(string,tuple,list ,set,dictonary),所有非零的数):
if 1:
print 'hello world!'
print 'True'
if 'aaa':
print 'hello world!'
print 'True'
(2)条件为假 faulse(0,None,空的量):
if 0:
print 'hello world!'
print 'True'
if None:
print 'hello world!'
print 'True'
if '':
print 'hello world!'
print 'True'
if 1>2:
print 'hello world!'
print 'True'
(3)组合条件及其他(and /or ):
if not 1>2:
print 'hello world!'
print 'True'
if not 1>2 and 1 == 1:
print 'hello world!'
print 'True'
2.if else 举例:
if else写法:
else语句:
if expression:
statement(s)
else:
statement(s)
if 1 < 2:
print 'hello world'
else:
print 'Oh,no,fourse!'
print 'main'
3.if elif else写法:
elfi 语句:
if expression1:
statement1(s)
elif expression2:
statement2(s)
else:
statement3(s)
if 1 < 2:
print 'hello world'
elif 'a':
print 'aaaaa'
else:
print 'Oh,no,fourse!'
4.举例1:
#!/usr/bin/env python
score =int( raw_input(‘Please input a num:’))
if score >= 90:
print 'A'
print 'Very good'
elif score >=80:
print 'B'
print 'good'
elif score >=60:
print 'C'
print 'pass'
else:
print 'D'
print 'END'
5.举例2:and or 应用:
多个条件下判断:
转换大小写:
a.lower()
a.upper()
#!/usr/bin/env python
yn = raw_input("Please input [Yes/No]:")
yn = yn.lower()
if yn == 'y' or yn == 'yes':
print "Programe is running..."
elif yn == 'n' or yn == 'no':
print "Programe is exit."
else:
print "Error,Please input [Yes/No]"
二、流程控制-for循环
循环
循环是一个结构,导致程序要重复一定的次数。
条件下循环也是如此,当然条件变为假,循环结束。
for循环:
在序列里,使用for循环遍历。
语法:
for iterating_var in sqquence:
statement(s)
举例:
(例1)for用法举例
>>> a = "ABC"
>>> for i in a:
... print(i)
...
A
B
C
(例2)list的for循环
>>> list1 = [1,3,4,5]
>>> for i in list1:
... print(i)
...
1
3
4
5
(例3)range()函数用法:
最在取到5
>>> for i in range(1,6):
... print(i)
...
1
2
3
4
5
步长为3
>>> for i in range(1,11,3):
... print(i)
...
1
4
7
10
求1,10内的偶数:
>>> print ([i for i in range(1,11) if i%2==0])
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
求1到100所有数加到一起的和:
#!/usr/bin/python
sum = 0
for i in range(1,101):
sum = sum + i
print sum
运行结果:
[root@localhost python]# python for1.py
5050
流程控制-for循环(字典)
>>> dic = {'a': '100', 'b': '100', 'c': '100', 'd': '100', 'e': '100', 'f': '100'}
>>> for i in dic.items():print(i)
...
('a', '100')
('b', '100')
('c', '100')
('d', '100')
('e', '100')
('f', '100')
>>>for k in dic:
print(k)
a
b
c
d
e
f
举例乘法口诀:
#!/usr/bin/env python
#python3中执行
for i in range(1,10):
for j in range(1,i+1):
print("%sx%s=%s" % (j,i,j*i),end=" ")
print()
运行结果:
1x1=1
1x2=2 2x2=4
1x3=3 2x3=6 3x3=9
1x4=4 2x4=8 3x4=12 4x4=16
1x5=5 2x5=10 3x5=15 4x5=20 5x5=25
1x6=6 2x6=12 3x6=18 4x6=24 5x6=30 6x6=36
1x7=7 2x7=14 3x7=21 4x7=28 5x7=35 6x7=42 7x7=49
1x8=8 2x8=16 3x8=24 4x8=32 5x8=40 6x8=48 7x8=56 8x8=64
1x9=9 2x9=18 3x9=27 4x9=36 5x9=45 6x9=54 7x9=63 8x9=72 9x9=81
三、Python中的while循环举例
while与for相对比:
for循环用在有次数的循环上。
while循环用在有条件的控制上。
while循环:
while循环,直到表达式变为假,才退出。while循环,表达式是一个逻辑表达式,必须返回一个True或False
语法:
while expression:
statement(s)
break :跳出整个循环
continue:跳出本次循环
练习脚本如果下:
脚本1:
#!/usr/bin/python
n = 0
while 1:
if n == 10:
break
print(str(n)+" hello")
n += 1
结果:
0 hello
1 hello
2 hello
3 hello
4 hello
5 hello
6 hello
7 hello
8 hello
9 hello
脚本2:
#!/usr/bin/env python
sth=''
while sth != 'q':
sth=input("Please input sth,q for exit:")
if not sth:
break
if sth == 'quit':
continue
print ('continue')
else:
print ('GOOD BYE')