PostgreSQL 商用版本EPAS(阿里云ppas) 索引推荐功能使用

标签

PostgreSQL , PPAS , enterprisedb , 索引推荐

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背景

PostgreSQL商用版本EnterpriseDB，内置了索引推荐功能，原理与这里描述类似。

《PostgreSQL SQL自动优化案例 - 极简，自动推荐索引》

目前仅支持BTREE索引的（单列或多列）推荐，（有一些限制，暂时不支持继承表的推荐，暂时不支持表达式索引的推荐）。

索引推荐用法

1、创建推荐存储表与推荐查阅函数。

-- 在需要用到索引推荐的数据库中，安装索引推荐用到的表、函数、视图   
-- 调用 index_advisor.sql    
psql -f $PGHOME/share/contrib/index_advisor.sql    
   
psql.bin:/opt/edb/as10/share/contrib/index_advisor.sql:22: ERROR:  relation "index_advisor_log" already exists   
psql.bin:/opt/edb/as10/share/contrib/index_advisor.sql:25: ERROR:  relation "ia_reloid" already exists   
psql.bin:/opt/edb/as10/share/contrib/index_advisor.sql:28: ERROR:  relation "ia_backend_pid" already exists   
CREATE FUNCTION   
CREATE FUNCTION   
CREATE VIEW   

2、加载推荐模块

-- 在需要用到索引推荐的会话中加载推荐模块   
load 'index_advisor';   

或者可以设置为自动加载。

vi $PGDATA/postgresql.conf   
   
shared_preload_libraries = 'index_advisor'   
   
   
# - Other Defaults -   
   
#dynamic_library_path = '$libdir'   
#local_preload_libraries = ''   
#session_preload_libraries = ''   
   
#oracle_home =''        # path to the Oracle home directory;   
                                        # only used by OCI Dblink; defaults   
                                        # to ORACLE_HOME environment variable.   

3、设置会话参数，选择是否需要推荐。如果需要推荐，则会自动对这个会话接下来的SQL进行索引推荐（如果多次执行，并被推荐的话，SQL都会被记录在表中）。

postgres=# set index_advisor.enabled TO on;   
SET   

设置后，这个会话的所有QUERY都会被推荐模块进行计算。并将需要推荐的SQL记录下来，包括PID，索引列，索引估算大小，成本估算等。

postgres=# select * from pgbench_history where bid=2;   
 tid  | bid |   aid   | delta |           mtime           | filler    
------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------+--------   
  444 |   2 | 4438685 | -2029 | 12-JAN-18 20:46:43.07816  |    
   
postgres=# select pg_backend_pid();   
 pg_backend_pid    
----------------   
          32898   
(1 row)   
   
postgres=# select * from index_advisor_log ;   
 reloid |     relname      | attrs | benefit | index_size | backend_pid |            timestamp                
--------+------------------+-------+---------+------------+-------------+----------------------------------   
  16397 | pgbench_history  | {2}   |  175955 |    1260456 |       32898 | 14-JAN-18 21:32:19.564707 +08:00   

4、查阅推荐。

postgres=# select * from show_index_recommendations(32898);   
                                                      show_index_recommendations                                                         
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
 create index idx_pgbench_history_bid on public.pgbench_history(bid);/* size: 1260456 KB, benefit: 175955, gain: 0.139596676718584 */   
(1 row)   
   
或   
   
postgres=# select * from show_index_recommendations();   
                                                      show_index_recommendations                                                         
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
 create index idx_pgbench_history_bid on public.pgbench_history(bid);/* size: 1260456 KB, benefit: 175955, gain: 0.139596676718584 */   
(1 row)   

5、查看虚拟索引执行计划(HYPOTHETICAL PLAN 表示包含虚拟索引时的执行计划)。

postgres=# explain select * from pgbench_history where bid=2;   
                                             QUERY PLAN                                                 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
 Gather  (cost=1000.00..455329.29 rows=470413 width=116)   
   Workers Planned: 6   
   ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pgbench_history  (cost=0.00..407287.99 rows=78402 width=116)   
         Filter: (bid = 2)   
 Result  (cost=0.00..0.00 rows=0 width=0)   
   One-Time Filter: '===[ HYPOTHETICAL PLAN ]==='::text   
   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on pgbench_history  (cost=5339.17..279373.83 rows=470413 width=116)   
         Recheck Cond: (bid = 2)   
         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on "<hypothetical-index>:8"  (cost=0.00..5221.56 rows=470413 width=0)   
               Index Cond: (bid = 2)   
(10 rows)   

6、关闭推荐。

postgres=# set index_advisor.enabled TO off;   
SET   

关闭推荐后，不会使用虚拟索引，也不会再计算是否需要推荐索引。

postgres=# explain select * from pgbench_history where bid=2;   
                                       QUERY PLAN                                           
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
 Gather  (cost=1000.00..455329.29 rows=470413 width=116)   
   Workers Planned: 6   
   ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pgbench_history  (cost=0.00..407287.99 rows=78402 width=116)   
         Filter: (bid = 2)   
(4 rows)   

7、解读推荐索引信息。

postgres=# select * from show_index_recommendations();   
                                                      show_index_recommendations                                                         
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
 create index idx_pgbench_history_bid on public.pgbench_history(bid);/* size: 1260456 KB, benefit: 175955, gain: 0.139596676718584 */   
(1 row)   

size，这个索引占用的空间，对应index_advisor_log.index_size。

benefit，这个推荐索引涉及的index_advisor_log.benefit，即加上索引后，相比没有索引时的explain成本估算COST差异。

gain，index_advisor_log -> sum(benefit)/greatest(size(s))，即多次推荐的统计，获得了多少提升空间，越大，表示提升效果越好。

如何让普通用户支持推荐

1、允许普通用户加载推荐模块

需要将$PGHOME/lib/index_advisor.so拷贝到$PGHOME/lib/plugins/index_advisor.so。普通用户才能LOAD。

2、允许普通用户增删改查推荐存储表

• Grant SELECT and INSERT privileges on the index_advisor_log table to allow a user to invoke Index Advisor.

• Grant DELETE privileges on the index_advisor_log table to allow the specified user to delete the table contents.

• Grant SELECT privilege on the index_recommendations view.

推荐的配置

1、在template1模板库、以及已有的数据库（如果这些库需要使用索引推荐功能的话）中安装index_advisor.sql

psql template1 -f $PGHOME/share/contrib/index_advisor.sql    

psql template1 <<EOF
grant select,insert,delete on index_advisor_log to public;
grant select on index_recommendations to public;
EOF

2、配置postgresql.conf，默认加载模块

vi $PGDATA/postgresql.conf   
   
shared_preload_libraries = 'index_advisor'   

3、配置postgresql.conf，index_advisor.enabled=off，默认关闭计算

vi $PGDATA/postgresql.conf   
   
index_advisor.enabled=off   

4、当用户需要用到推荐模块时，只要打开index_advisor.enabled参数即可。

psql   
psql.bin (10.1.5)   
Type "help" for help.   
   
postgres=# show index_advisor.enabled ;   
 index_advisor.enabled    
-----------------------   
 off   
(1 row)   
   
postgres=# explain select * from pgbench_history where bid=2;   
                                       QUERY PLAN                                           
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
 Gather  (cost=1000.00..455329.29 rows=470413 width=116)   
   Workers Planned: 6   
   ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pgbench_history  (cost=0.00..407287.99 rows=78402 width=116)   
         Filter: (bid = 2)   
(4 rows)   
   
postgres=# set index_advisor.enabled =on;   
SET   
postgres=# explain select * from pgbench_history where bid=2;   
                                             QUERY PLAN                                                 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
 Gather  (cost=1000.00..455329.29 rows=470413 width=116)   
   Workers Planned: 6   
   ->  Parallel Seq Scan on pgbench_history  (cost=0.00..407287.99 rows=78402 width=116)   
         Filter: (bid = 2)   
 Result  (cost=0.00..0.00 rows=0 width=0)   
   One-Time Filter: '===[ HYPOTHETICAL PLAN ]==='::text   
   ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on pgbench_history  (cost=5339.17..279373.83 rows=470413 width=116)   
         Recheck Cond: (bid = 2)   
         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on "<hypothetical-index>:2"  (cost=0.00..5221.56 rows=470413 width=0)   
               Index Cond: (bid = 2)   
(10 rows)   
   
postgres=# set index_advisor.enabled =off;   
SET   

参考

《PostgreSQL SQL自动优化案例 - 极简，自动推荐索引》

阿里云PPAS商用版本(兼容Oracle)

https://www.enterprisedb.com/docs/en/10.0/EPAS_Guide_v10/EDB_Postgres_Advanced_Server_Guide.1.36.html#pID0E0ZUE0HA