C#用户定义类型转换
- 用于自定义类和结构能够进行隐式转换和显示转换.例如:将一个自定义类类型转换成整型,浮点型等,反之亦然.
C#提供隐式转换和显式转换
- 隐式转换:编译器自动执行转换
- 显式转换:编译器只在使用显式转换运算符时才执行转换
声明隐式转换的语法如下.注:所有用户定义转换必须使用public和static修饰符
public
static
implicit
operator TargetType(SourceType Identifier)
{
...
return ObjectOfTargetType;
}
{
...
return ObjectOfTargetType;
}
TargetType:目标类型
参数Identitfier:源数据
例如,下面代码使一个int字面量被隐式转换为LimitedInt对象,反过来LimitedInt也可以隐式转换成一个int
class LimitedInt
{
const int MaxValue = 100;
const int MinValue = 0;
private int _theValue = 0;
// 属性
public int TheValue
{
get { return _theValue; }
set
{
if (value < MinValue)
{
_theValue = 0;
}
else
{
_theValue = value > MaxValue ? MaxValue : value;
}
}
}
// 隐式转换:将LimitedInt对象转为整型
public static implicit operator int(LimitedInt li)
{
return li.TheValue;
}
// 隐式转换:将整型转换为LimitedInt对象
public static implicit operator LimitedInt( int x)
{
LimitedInt li = new LimitedInt();
li.TheValue = x;
return li;
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main( string[] args)
{
LimitedInt li = 500; // 将500转换为LimitedInt
int value = li; // 将LimitedInt转换为int
Console.WriteLine( " li:{0},value:{1} ", li.TheValue, value);
Console.ReadKey();
}
{
const int MaxValue = 100;
const int MinValue = 0;
private int _theValue = 0;
// 属性
public int TheValue
{
get { return _theValue; }
set
{
if (value < MinValue)
{
_theValue = 0;
}
else
{
_theValue = value > MaxValue ? MaxValue : value;
}
}
}
// 隐式转换:将LimitedInt对象转为整型
public static implicit operator int(LimitedInt li)
{
return li.TheValue;
}
// 隐式转换:将整型转换为LimitedInt对象
public static implicit operator LimitedInt( int x)
{
LimitedInt li = new LimitedInt();
li.TheValue = x;
return li;
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main( string[] args)
{
LimitedInt li = 500; // 将500转换为LimitedInt
int value = li; // 将LimitedInt转换为int
Console.WriteLine( " li:{0},value:{1} ", li.TheValue, value);
Console.ReadKey();
}
改代码输出结果:li:100,value:100
显示转换和强制转换运算符
前面所讲的都是隐式转换,如果你把运算符implcit改为explicit,你将不得不在实行转换时显示使用转换运算符
代码片段如下:
//显示
转换:将LimitedInt对象转为整型
public static explicit operator int(LimitedInt li)
{
return li.TheValue;
}
//显示 转换:将整型转换为LimitedInt对象
public static explicit operator LimitedInt( int x)
{
LimitedInt li = new LimitedInt();
li.TheValue = x;
return li;
}
static void Main( string[] args)
{
LimitedInt li = (LimitedInt) 500; // 将500强制转换为LimitedInt
int value = ( int)li; // 将LimitedInt强制转换为int
Console.WriteLine( " li:{0},value:{1} ", li.TheValue, value);
Console.ReadKey();
}
public static explicit operator int(LimitedInt li)
{
return li.TheValue;
}
//显示 转换:将整型转换为LimitedInt对象
public static explicit operator LimitedInt( int x)
{
LimitedInt li = new LimitedInt();
li.TheValue = x;
return li;
}
static void Main( string[] args)
{
LimitedInt li = (LimitedInt) 500; // 将500强制转换为LimitedInt
int value = ( int)li; // 将LimitedInt强制转换为int
Console.WriteLine( " li:{0},value:{1} ", li.TheValue, value);
Console.ReadKey();
}