静态路由的应用场合 <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

•          一个小型到中型的网络，而且没有或只有较小的扩充计划时。
•          静态路由要手工输入，手工管理；管理开销对于动态路由来说是一个大大的负担。
静态路由优缺点

•          优点：

•            1.对路由器CPU没有管理性开销

•            2.在路由器间没有带宽占用

•            3.增加安全性

•          缺点：

•            1.必须真正了解网络

•            2.对于新添网络配置繁琐

•            3.对于大型网络工作量巨大

静态路由的配置

Router(config)#ip route network  [mask] {address | interface}[distance] [permanent]
即Router（config）#ip route 目标网段 目标网段的网络掩码 直连邻居的接口IP地址

（直连邻居的接口IP地址=下一跳的IP地址=网关）

 

下面我们通过试验来验证静态路由的配置
CCNA试验我使用的是模拟器
试验环境如下：
试验环境说明：
R1的ip地址为 192.168.1.1（S0/0） 网络掩码为255.255.255.0
R2的ip地址为 192.168.1.2(S0/0)  192.168.2.1(S0/1) 网络掩码为255.255.255.0
R3的ip地址为 192.168.2.2 (S0/1)  192.168.3.1S0/2) 网络掩码为255.255.255.0
R4的ip地址为 192.168.3.2(S0/2) 网络掩码为255.255.255.0
R1的S0/0端口、R2的S0/1端口、R3的S0/2端口为DCE端
试验要求：
要求在路由器间配置静态路由使路由器间相互ping通。实现全网全通。
好了，开始工作
R1
en
conf  t
host r1                                    定义路由器名称
enable password cisco                        定义特权口令
line vty 0 4                                 定义telne口令
pass cisco      
login
exit
int s0/0                                     定义接口信息
ip addr 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
clock rate 64000                              设置时钟频率
no shut
exit 
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2     在R1中配置静态路由
ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2
 
 
R2
en
conf  t
host r2                                    定义路由器名称
enable password cisco                        定义特权口令
line vty 0 4                                 定义telne口令
pass cisco      
login
exit
int s0/0                                     定义接口信息
ip addr 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int s0/1
ip addr 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
clock rate 64000                              设置时钟频率
no shut
exit 
ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2     在 R2 中配置静态路由
 
 
R3
en
conf  t
host r3                                    定义路由器名称
enable password cisco                         定义特权口令
line vty 0 4                                 定义 telne 口令
pass cisco      
login
exit
int s0/1                                     定义接口信息
ip addr 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int s0/2
ip addr 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
clock rate 64000                              设置时钟频率
no shut
exit 
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1     在 R3 中配置静态路由
 
R4
 
en
conf  t
host r4                                    定义路由器名称
enable password cisco                        定义特权口令
line vty 0 4                                 定义 telne 口令
pass cisco      
login
exit
int s0/2                                     定义接口信息
ip addr 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1     在 R4 中配置静态路由
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
在 R1 上 ping R2 R3 R4  如下图所示，全网全通啦
 
如下是在路由器 R1  R2  R3  R4 里做出的配置 红色字体为配置内容
R1
Router>en

Router#conf  t
Enter configuration commands, .e per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#host r1

r1(config)#enable password cisco

r1(config)#line vty 0 4

r1(config-line)#pass cisco

r1(config-line)#login

r1(config-line)#exit

r1(config)#int s0/0

r1(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

r1(config-if)#clock rate 64000

r1(config-if)#no shut

r1(config-if)#exit

*Mar  1 00:05:14.311: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:05:15.311: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/0,
 changed state to up
r1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2

r1(config)#
*Mar  1 00:05:43.055: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/0,
 changed state to down
r1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2

 

R2

 

Router>en

Router#conf t

Enter configuration commands, .e per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#host r2

r2(config)#enable password cisco

r2(config)#line vty 0 4

r2(config-line)#pass cisco

r2(config-line)#login

r2(config-line)#exit

r2(config)#int s0/0

r2(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

r2(config-if)#no shut

r2(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:05:21.035: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:05:22.035: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/0,
 changed state to upexit
r2(config)#int s0/1

r2(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

r2(config-if)#clock rate 64000

r2(config-if)#no shut

r2(config-if)#exit

r2(config)#
*Mar  1 00:25:35.283: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/1,
 changed state to down%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/1,
*Mar  1 00:25:45.267: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/1,
 changed state to up: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/1,
 changed state to down
r2(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2

 

 

R3 

 
Router>en

Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, .e per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#host r3

r3(config)#enable password cisco

r3(config)#line vty 0 4

r3(config-line)#password cisco

r3(config-line)#login

r3(config-line)#exit

r3(config)#int s0/1

r3(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0

r3(config-if)#no shut

r3(config-if)#exit

r3(config)#
*Mar  1 00:03:39.899: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to upi
*Mar  1 00:03:40.903: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/1,
 changed state to u
r3(config)#int s0/2

r3(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0

r3(config-if)#clock rate 64000

r3(config-if)#no shut
r3(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:04:24.839: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/2, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:04:25.839: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/2,
 changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:04:53.839: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/2,
 changed state to down
r3(config-if)#exit

r3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1

 

 

.
R4

 

Router>en

Router#conf t

Enter configuration commands, .e per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#host r4

r4(config)#enable pass cisco

r4(config)#line vty 0 4

r4(config-line)#pass cisco

r4(config-line)#login

r4(config-line)#exit

r4(config)#int s0/2

r4(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0

r4(config-if)#no shut

r4(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:03:04.871: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/2, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:03:05.871: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol . Interface Serial0/2,
 changed state to up
r4(config-if)#exit

r4(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1

r4(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1

 

下面是在 R1 上分别 ping R2  R3  R4 的结果，

 

r1>ping 192.168.1.2

 

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 52/298/540 ms
r1>ping 192.168.2.1

 

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 140/218/376 ms
r1>ping 192.168.2.2

 

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 304/447/644 ms
r1>ping 192.168.3.1

 

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 140/460/804 ms
r1>ping 192.168.3.2

 

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 664/739/936 ms
哈哈 全网全通了！试验宣告成功！！！！！

 
附：静态路由的删除：

(config)#no ip route 目标网段 目标网段的网络掩码 直连邻居的接口IP地址