1. CountDownLatch简介
一个同步辅助类,在完成一组正在其他线程中执行的操作之前,它允许一个或多个线程一直等待。其本质就是一个共享锁。
他最主要的作用是用来同步java的线程。
主要有以下三个方法:
主要方法:
public CountDownLatch(int count);
public void countDown();
public void await();
构造方法参数指定了计数的次数
countDown方法,当前线程调用此方法,则计数减一
await方法,调用此方法会一直阻塞当前线程,直到计时器的值为0
2. 实战应用的例子
一个模拟运动员比赛的例子,首先要等所有的运动员全部给准备好,然后发起“起跑指令”所有的运动员开始起跑,等所有的运动员跑完才结束本次笔试。
代码如下:
运动员线程代码:
package it_cast.day01;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
public class Player implements Runnable {
private int id;
private CountDownLatch begin;
private CountDownLatch end;
public Player(int id, CountDownLatch begin, CountDownLatch end) {
this.id=id;
this.begin=begin;
this.end=end;
}
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try {
System.out.println("Play" + id + "ready");
begin.await();// 所有的运动员在这准备者,当一声令下就开始跑
Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 100));// 随机分配时间,即运动员完成时间
System.out.println("Play" + id + " arrived.");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
end.countDown();// 每个运动员跑完,使end状态减1,最终减至0
}
}
}
主代码:
package it_cast.day01;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class CountDownLatchDemo {
private static final int PLAYER_AMOUNT = 5;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//对于每位运动员,CountDownLatch减1后即结束比赛
CountDownLatch begin = new CountDownLatch(1);
//对于整个比赛,所有运动员结束后才算结束
CountDownLatch end = new CountDownLatch(PLAYER_AMOUNT);
Player [] plays=new Player[PLAYER_AMOUNT];
//初始化5个运动员
for (int i = 0; i < plays.length; i++) {
plays[i]=new Player(i, begin, end);
}
//设置特定的线程池,大小为5
ExecutorService exe = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(PLAYER_AMOUNT);
for(Player p:plays)
exe.execute(p);
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("Race begins!");
begin.countDown();
end.await();; //等待end状态变为0,即为所有人都跑完了,即为比赛结束
System.out.println("Race ends!");
exe.shutdown();
}
}
运行结果如下: