mysql C语言API接口及实例

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最新推荐文章于 2023-09-24 23:59:54 发布

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文章标签： c/c++ 数据库网络

原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/a1liujin/1686202

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Mysql数据库动态库： libmysql.dll libmysql.lib mysql.h WinSock2.h

Mysql API数据结构 (mysql.h)

MYSQL:连接数据库前，必须先创建MYSQL变量，此变量在很多Mysql API函数会用到。它包含了一些连接信息等数据。

MYSQL_RES:MYSQL_RES结构体中包含了查询结果集，也就是从数据库中查询到的数据。可以使用mysql_store_result或mysql_use_result函数获得。

MYSQL_ROW:MYSQL ROW的定义如下：typedef char **MYSQL_ROW;可见，它实际上是char **类型，指向一个字符串数组。存储一行中各段字符数组，可以通过mysql_fetch_row函数获得。

MYSQL_FIELD:MYSQL_FIELD中包含了字段名、字段类型和大小等信息。可以重复调用mysql_fetch_field函数获得所有字段的信息。

Mysql C API编程步骤

1、首先我们要包含mysql的头文件，并链接mysql动态库。

#include <WinSock2.h> // 进行网络编程需要winsock2.h

#include <mysql.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "libmysql.lib")

2、创建MYSQL变量。如：

MYSQL mysql;

3、初始化MYSQL变量。

mysql_init(&mysql);

4、调用mysql_real_connect函数连接Mysql数据库。

mysql_real_connect函数的MYSQL * STDCALL mysql_real_connect(MYSQL *mysql, const char *host,const char *user,const char *passwd,const char *db,unsigned int port,const char *unix_socket,unsigned long clientflag);

参数说明：mysql--前面定义的MYSQL变量；host--MYSQL服务器的地址；user--登录用户名；passwd--登录密码；db--要连接的数据库；port--MYSQL服务器的TCP服务端口；unix_socket--unix连接方式，为NULL时表示不使用socket或管道机制；clientflag--Mysql运行为ODBC数据库的标记，一般取0。

连接失败时该函数返回0。

5、调用mysql_real_query函数进行数据库查询。mysql_real_query函数的原型如下：

int STDCALL mysql_real_query(MYSQL *mysql, const char *q, unsigned long length);

参数说明：mysql--前面定义的MYSQL变量；q--SQL查询语句；length--查询语句的长度。

查询成功则该函数返回0。

6、通过调用mysql_store_result或mysql_use_result函数返回的MYSQL_RES变量获取查询结果数据。

两个函数的原型分别为：

MYSQL_RES * STDCALL mysql_store_result(MYSQL *mysql);

MYSQL_RES * STDCALL mysql_use_result(MYSQL *mysql);

这两个函数分别代表了获取查询结果的两种方式。第一种，调用mysql_store_result函数将从Mysql服务器查询的所有数据都存储到客户端，然后读取；第二种，调用mysql_use_result初始化检索，以便于后面一行一行的读取结果集，而它本身并没有从服务器读取任何数据，这种方式较之第一种速度更快且所需内存更少，但它会绑定服务器，阻止其他线程更新任何表，而且必须重复执行mysql_fetch_row读取数据，直至返回NULL，否则未读取的行会在下一次查询时作为结果的一部分返回，故经常我们使用mysql_store_result。

7、调用mysql_fetch_row函数读取结果集数据。

上述两种方式最后都是重复调用mysql_fetch_row函数读取数据。mysql_fetch_row函数的原型如下：

MYSQL_ROW STDCALL mysql_fetch_row(MYSQL_RES *result);

参数result就是mysql_store_result或mysql_use_result的返回值。

该函数返回MYSQL_ROW型的变量，即字符串数组，假设为row，则row[i]为第i个字段的值。当到结果集尾部时，此函数返回NULL。

8、结果集用完后，调用mysql_free_result函数释放结果集，以防内存泄露。mysql_free_result函数的原型如下：

void STDCALL mysql_free_result(MYSQL_RES *result);

9、不再查询Mysql数据库时，调用mysql_close函数关闭数据库连接。mysql_close函数的原型为：

void STDCALL mysql_close(MYSQL *sock);

例子：

1. int main() {

2. MYSQL mysql;

3. MYSQL_RES *res;

4. MYSQL_ROW row;

5. mysql_init(&mysql); // 初始化MYSQL变量

6. // 连接Mysql服务器，本例使用本机作为服务器。访问的数据库名称为"msyql"，参数中的user为你的登录用户名，***为登录密码，需要根据你的实际用户进行设置

7. if (!mysql_real_connect(&mysql, "127.0.0.1", "user", "123", "mysql", 3306, 0, 0)) {

8. cout << "mysql_real_connect failure!" << endl;

9. return 0;

10. }

11. if (mysql_real_query(&mysql, "select * from user", (unsigned long)strlen("select * from user"))){ // 查询mysql数据库中的user表

12. cout << "mysql_real_query failure!" << endl;

13. return 0;

14. } // 存储结果集

15. res = mysql_store_result(&mysql);

16. if (NULL == res) {

17. cout << "mysql_store_result failure!" << endl;

18. return 0;

19. }

20. // 重复读取行，并输出第一个字段的值，直到row为NULL

21. while (row = mysql_fetch_row(res)) {

22. cout << row[0] << endl;

23. }

24. mysql_free_result(res); // 释放结果集

25. mysql_close(&mysql); // 关闭Mysql连接

26. return 0; }

10.Char * mysql_get_client_info() 显示mysql客户端版本

MySQL client version: 5.0.38

11.int mysql_num_fields(MYSQL_RES *result) 返回结果子表中域(字段)的个数

12. MYSQL_FIELD * mysql_fetch_field(MYSQL_RES *result) 返回结果子表中的域结构体指针

13.Void mysql_real_escape_string(MYSQL* con, char* savedata, char *data, int size) 在将二进制数据(非文本)保存到数据库之前，需要转义，否则数据库不能正常保存，取出数据时，无需解转移。转义时一个字符转义后2个字符，所以savedata内存必须为data的2倍

14. unsigned long * mysql_fetch_lengths(MYSQL_RES *result) 获取结果中各个字符串的长度，返回为1维数组

一些有用的例子：

#include

int main(int argc, char **argv)

{

MYSQL *conn;

MYSQL_RES *result;

MYSQL_ROW row;

int num_fields;

int i;

conn = mysql_init(NULL);

mysql_real_connect(conn, "localhost", "zetcode", "passwd", "testdb", 0, NULL, 0);

mysql_query(conn, "SELECT * FROM writers");

result = mysql_store_result(conn);

num_fields = mysql_num_fields(result);

while ((row = mysql_fetch_row(result)))

{

for(i = 0; i < num_fields; i++)

{

printf("%s ", row[i] ? row[i] : "NULL");

}

printf("\n");

}

mysql_free_result(result);

mysql_close(conn);

}

The example prints all names from the writers table.

$ ./select

Leo Tolstoy

Jack London

Honore de Balzac

Lion Feuchtwanger

Emile Zola

mysql_query(conn, "SELECT * FROM writers");

We execute the query, that will retrieve all names from the writers database.

result = mysql_store_result(conn);

We get the result set.

num_fields = mysql_num_fields(result);

We get the number of fields in the table.

while ((row = mysql_fetch_row(result)))

{

for(i = 0; i < num_fields; i++)

{

printf("%s ", row[i] ? row[i] : "NULL");

}

printf("\n");

}

We fetch the rows and print them to the screen.

mysql_free_result(result);

We free the resources.

Column headers

In the next example, we will retrieve data and show the their column names from the table.

For this, we will create a new table friends.

mysql> create table friends (id int not null primary key auto_increment,

name varchar(20), age int);

mysql> insert into friends(name, age) values('Tom', 25);

mysql> insert into friends(name, age) values('Elisabeth', 32);

mysql> insert into friends(name, age) values('Jane', 22);

mysql> insert into friends(name, age) values('Luke', 28);

We insert some data into the table.

#include

int main(int argc, char **argv)

{

MYSQL *conn;

MYSQL_RES *result;

MYSQL_ROW row;

MYSQL_FIELD *field;

int num_fields;

int i;

conn = mysql_init(NULL);

mysql_real_connect(conn, "localhost", "zetcode", "passwd", "testdb", 0, NULL, 0);

mysql_query(conn, "SELECT * FROM friends");

result = mysql_store_result(conn);

num_fields = mysql_num_fields(result);

while ((row = mysql_fetch_row(result)))

{

for(i = 0; i < num_fields; i++)

{

if (i == 0) {

while(field = mysql_fetch_field(result)) {

printf("%s ", field->name);

}

printf("\n");

}

printf("%s ", row[i] ? row[i] : "NULL");

}

printf("\n");

mysql_free_result(result);

mysql_close(conn);

}

The example is similar to the previous one. It just adds column header names to it.

while(field = mysql_fetch_field(result)) {

printf("%s ", field->name);

}

The mysql_fetch_field() call returns a MYSQL_FIELD structure. We get the column header names from this structure.

$ ./headers

id name age

1 Tom 25

2 Elisabeth 32

3 Jane 22

4 Luke 28

And this is the output of our program.

Inserting p_w_picpaths into MySQL database

Some people prefer to put their p_w_picpaths into the database, some prefer to keep them on the file system for their applications. Technical difficulties arise when we work with millions of p_w_picpaths. Images are binary data. MySQL database has a special data type to store binary data called BLOB (Binary Large Object).

mysql> describe p_w_picpaths;

+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | | |

+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

This is the table, that we will use in our example. It can be created by the following SQL statement.

create table p_w_picpaths(id int not null primary key, data mediumblob);

#include

int main(int argc, char **argv)

{

MYSQL *conn;

int len, size;

char data[1000*1024];

char chunk[2*1000*1024+1];

char query[1024*5000];

FILE *fp;

conn = mysql_init(NULL);

mysql_real_connect(conn, "localhost", "zetcode", "passwd", "testdb", 0, NULL, 0);

fp = fopen("p_w_picpath.png", "rb");

size = fread(data, 1, 1024*1000, fp);

mysql_real_escape_string(conn, chunk, data, size);

char *stat = "INSERT INTO p_w_picpaths(id, data) VALUES('1', '%s')";

len = snprintf(query, sizeof(stat)+sizeof(chunk) , stat, chunk);

mysql_real_query(conn, query, len);

fclose(fp);

mysql_close(conn);

}

In this example, we will insert one p_w_picpath into the p_w_picpaths table. The p_w_picpath can be max 1 MB.

fp = fopen("p_w_picpath.png", "rb");

size = fread(data, 1, 1024*1000, fp);

Here we open the p_w_picpath and read it into the data array.

mysql_real_escape_string(conn, chunk, data, size);

Binary data can obtain special characters, that might cause troubles in the statements. We must escape them. The mysql_real_escape_string() puts the encoded data into the chunk array. In theory, every character might be a special character. That's why the chunk array two times as big as the data array. The function also adds a terminating null character.

char *stat = "INSERT INTO p_w_picpaths(id, data) VALUES('1', '%s')";

len = snprintf(query, sizeof(stat)+sizeof(chunk) , stat, chunk);

These two code lines prepare the MySQL query.

mysql_real_query(conn, query, len);

Finally, we execute the query.

Selecting p_w_picpaths from MySQL database

In the previous example, we have inserted an p_w_picpath into the database. In the following example, we will select the inserted p_w_picpath back from the database.

#include

int main(int argc, char **argv)

{

MYSQL *conn;

MYSQL_RES *result;

MYSQL_ROW row;

unsigned long *lengths;

FILE *fp;

conn = mysql_init(NULL);

mysql_real_connect(conn, "localhost", "zetcode", "passwd", "testdb", 0, NULL, 0);

fp = fopen("p_w_picpath.png", "wb");

mysql_query(conn, "SELECT data FROM p_w_picpaths WHERE id=1");

result = mysql_store_result(conn);

row = mysql_fetch_row(result);

lengths = mysql_fetch_lengths(result);

fwrite(row[0], lengths[0], 1, fp);

mysql_free_result(result);

fclose(fp);

mysql_close(conn);

}

In this example, we will create an p_w_picpath file from the database.

fp = fopen("p_w_picpath.png", "wb");

We open a file for writing.

mysql_query(conn, "SELECT data FROM p_w_picpaths WHERE id=1");

We select an p_w_picpath with id 1.

row = mysql_fetch_row(result);

The row contains raw data.

lengths = mysql_fetch_lengths(result);

We get the length of the p_w_picpath.

fwrite(row[0], lengths[0], 1, fp);

We create the p_w_picpath file using the fwrite() standard function call.

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/a1liujin/1686202

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mysql C语言API接口及实例

Mysql数据库动态库：libmysql.dlllibmysql.libmysql.hWinSock2.hMysqlAPI数据结构(mysql.h)MYSQL:连接数据库前，必须先创建MYSQL变量，此变量在很多MysqlAPI函数会用到。它包含了一些连接信息等数据。MYSQL_RES:MYSQL_RES结构体中包含了查询结果...
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