1、创建数据库指定数据库的字符集

mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8;

通过配置文件设置创建数据库时字符集:

#vi /var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt

default-character-set=latin1

default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci 为default-character-set=utf8

default-collation=utf8_general_ci

重起MySQL:

# /usr/share/mysql/mysqladmin –uroot –p shutdown

# /usr/share/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &


2 、在已经存数据库的情况下,mysql命令行对指定的数据库进行修改数据库的字符集

MySQL>use mydb

mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8;

 

3 、通过MySQL 命令行修改:

mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_database=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_server=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

查看:

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';

                              +--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name            | Value             |

                               +--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client     | utf8               |

| character_set_connection | utf8                  |

| character_set_database   | utf8                   |

|character_set_filesystem|binary                   |

| character_set_results    | utf8                  |

| character_set_server     | utf8                |

| character_set_system     | utf8              |

| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

                               +--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';

+----------------------+-----------------+

| Variable_name        | Value           |

+----------------------+-----------------+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database   | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_server     | utf8_general_ci |

+----------------------+-----------------+

3 rows in set (0.04 sec)

                          

                               -------------------------------------------------------------------------

查看三种MySQL字符集的方法

mysql> show variables like '%char%';  
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------  
| Variable_name            | Value                               |......  
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------  
| character_set_client     | utf8                                |......   -- 客户端字符集  
| character_set_connection | utf8                                |......  
| character_set_database   | utf8                                |......   -- 数据库字符集  
| character_set_filesystem | binary                              |......  
| character_set_results    | utf8                                |......  
| character_set_server     | utf8                                |......   -- 服务器字符集  
| character_set_system     | utf8                                |......  
| character_sets_dir       | D:\MySQL Server 5.0\share\charsets\ |......  
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------ 
二、查看MySQL数据表(table)的MySQL字符集。
mysql> show table status from sqlstudy_db like '%countries%';  
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------  
| Name      | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Collation       |......  
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------  
| countries | InnoDB |      10 | Compact    |   11 | utf8_general_ci |......  
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------ 
三、查看MySQL数据列(column)的MySQL字符集。
mysql> show full columns from countries;  
+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------  
| Field                | Type        | Collation       | .......  
+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------  
| countries_id         | int(11)     | NULL            | .......  
| countries_name       | varchar(64) | utf8_general_ci | .......  
| countries_iso_code_2 | char(2)     | utf8_general_ci | .......  
| countries_iso_code_3 | char(3)     | utf8_general_ci | .......  
| address_format_id    | int(11)     | NULL            | .......  
+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------


MYSQL 字符集问题

               

MySQL 的字符集支持(Character Set Support) 有两个方面:字符集(Character set) 和排序方式(Collation) 。

对于字符集的支持细化到四个层次:

服务器(server) ,数据库(database) ,数据表(table) 和连接(connection) 。

1.MySQL 默认字符集

MySQL 对于字符集的指定可以细化到一个数据库,一张表,一列,应该用什么字符集。

但是,传统的程序在创建数据库和数据表时并没有使用那么复杂的配置,它们用的是默认的配置,那么,默认的配置从何而来呢?

   (1) 编译MySQL 时,指定了一个默认的字符集,这个字符集是 latin1 ;

(2) 安装MySQL 时,可以在配置文件 (my.ini) 中指定一个默认的的字符集,如果没指定,这个值继承自编译时指定的;

(3) 启动mysqld 时,可以在命令行参数中指定一个默认的的字符集,如果没指定,这个值继承自配置文件中的配置, 此时

character_set_server 被设定为这个默认的字符集;

(4) 当创建一个新的数据库时,除非明确指定,这个数据库的字符集被缺省设定为character_set_server ;

(5) 当选定了一个数据库时,character_set_database 被设定为这个数据库默认的字符集;

(6) 在这个数据库里创建一张表时,表默认的字符集被设定为 character_set_database ,也就是这个数据库默认的字符集;

(7) 当在表内设置一栏时,除非明确指定,否则此栏缺省的字符集就是表默认的字符集;

简单的总结一下,如果什么地方都不修改,那么所有的数据库的所有表的所有栏位的都用 latin1

存储,不过我们如果安装 MySQL ,一般都会选择多语言支持,也就是说,安装程序会自动在配置文件中把default_character_set 设置为 UTF-8 ,这保证了缺省情况下,所有的数据库的所有表的所有栏位的都用 UTF-8存储。

2. 查看默认字符集( 默认情况下,mysql 的字符集是latin1(ISO_8859_1) 通常,查看系统的字符集和排序方式的设定可以通过下面的两条命令: mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';

                              +--------------------------+---------------------------------+

| Variable_name            | Value                      |

                              +--------------------------+---------------------------------+

| character_set_client     | latin1                |

| character_set_connection | latin1                 |

| character_set_database   | latin1                    |

| character_set_filesystem | binary           |

| character_set_results    | latin1              |

| character_set_server     | latin1      |

| character_set_system     | utf8                   |

| character_sets_dir       |   D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" |

                              +--------------------------+---------------------------------+

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%';

                              +----------------------+-----------------+

                              | Variable_name        | Value           |

                              +----------------------+-----------------+

                              | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

                              | collation_database   | utf8_general_ci |

                               | collation_server     | utf8_general_ci |

                              +----------------------+-----------------+

3. 修改默认字符集

(1) 最简单的修改方法,就是修改mysql 的my.cnf 文件中的字符集键值,

如    

[client]

default-character-set = utf8


[mysqld]

character_set_server = utf8

修改完后,重启mysql 的服务,service mysql restart

使用 mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%'; 查看,发现数据库编码均已改成utf8

                              +--------------------------+---------------------------------+

| Variable_name            | Value              |

                               +--------------------------+---------------------------------+

| character_set_client     | utf8             |