责任链模式在Tomcat中的应用 

转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/java-my-life/archive/2012/05/28/2516865.html  感觉作者没有说到点子上，没有说出这个模式的思想，和应用的场景中带来哪些好处。

众所周知Tomcat中的Filter就是使用了责任链模式，创建一个Filter除了要在web.xml文件中做相应配置外，还需要实现javax.servlet.Filter接口。

 

public class TestFilter implements Filter{

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
            FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

    public void destroy() {
    }

    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
    }

}

 

使用DEBUG模式所看到的结果如下

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其实在真正执行到TestFilter类之前，会经过很多Tomcat内部的类。顺带提一下其实Tomcat的容器设置也是责任链模式，注意被红色方框所圈中的类，从Engine到Host再到Context一直到Wrapper都是通过一个链传递请求。被绿色方框所圈中的地方有一个名为ApplicationFilterChain的类，ApplicationFilterChain类所扮演的就是抽象处理者角色，而具体处理者角色由各个Filter扮演。

第一个疑问是ApplicationFilterChain将所有的Filter存放在哪里？

答案是保存在ApplicationFilterChain类中的一个ApplicationFilterConfig对象的数组中。

 

    /**
     * Filters.
     */
    private ApplicationFilterConfig[] filters = 
        new ApplicationFilterConfig[0];

 

那ApplicationFilterConfig对象又是什么呢？

    ApplicationFilterConfig是一个Filter容器。以下是ApplicationFilterConfig类的声明：

 

/**
 * Implementation of a <code>javax.servlet.FilterConfig</code> useful in
 * managing the filter instances instantiated when a web application
 * is first started.
 *
 * @author Craig R. McClanahan
 * @version $Id: ApplicationFilterConfig.java 1201569 2011-11-14 01:36:07Z kkolinko $
 */

 

当一个web应用首次启动时ApplicationFilterConfig会自动实例化，它会从该web应用的web.xml文件中读取配置的Filter的信息，然后装进该容器。

刚刚看到在ApplicationFilterChain类中所创建的ApplicationFilterConfig数组长度为零，那它是在什么时候被重新赋值的呢？

    private ApplicationFilterConfig[] filters = 
        new ApplicationFilterConfig[0];

是在调用ApplicationFilterChain类的addFilter()方法时。

    /**
     * The int which gives the current number of filters in the chain.
     */
    private int n = 0;
    public static final int INCREMENT = 10;

 

    void addFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig) {

        // Prevent the same filter being added multiple times
        for(ApplicationFilterConfig filter:filters)
            if(filter==filterConfig)
                return;

        if (n == filters.length) {
            ApplicationFilterConfig[] newFilters =
                new ApplicationFilterConfig[n + INCREMENT];
            System.arraycopy(filters, 0, newFilters, 0, n);
            filters = newFilters;
        }
        filters[n++] = filterConfig;

    }

 

变量n用来记录当前过滤器链里面拥有的过滤器数目，默认情况下n等于0，ApplicationFilterConfig对象数组的长度也等于0，所以当第一次调用addFilter()方法时，if (n == filters.length)的条件成立，ApplicationFilterConfig数组长度被改变。之后filters[n++] = filterConfig;将变量filterConfig放入ApplicationFilterConfig数组中并将当前过滤器链里面拥有的过滤器数目+1。

那ApplicationFilterChain的addFilter()方法又是在什么地方被调用的呢？

是在ApplicationFilterFactory类的createFilterChain()方法中。

 

  1     public ApplicationFilterChain createFilterChain
  2         (ServletRequest request, Wrapper wrapper, Servlet servlet) {
  3 
  4         // get the dispatcher type
  5         DispatcherType dispatcher = null; 
  6         if (request.getAttribute(DISPATCHER_TYPE_ATTR) != null) {
  7             dispatcher = (DispatcherType) request.getAttribute(DISPATCHER_TYPE_ATTR);
  8         }
  9         String requestPath = null;
 10         Object attribute = request.getAttribute(DISPATCHER_REQUEST_PATH_ATTR);
 11         
 12         if (attribute != null){
 13             requestPath = attribute.toString();
 14         }
 15         
 16         // If there is no servlet to execute, return null
 17         if (servlet == null)
 18             return (null);
 19 
 20         boolean comet = false;
 21         
 22         // Create and initialize a filter chain object
 23         ApplicationFilterChain filterChain = null;
 24         if (request instanceof Request) {
 25             Request req = (Request) request;
 26             comet = req.isComet();
 27             if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED) {
 28                 // Security: Do not recycle
 29                 filterChain = new ApplicationFilterChain();
 30                 if (comet) {
 31                     req.setFilterChain(filterChain);
 32                 }
 33             } else {
 34                 filterChain = (ApplicationFilterChain) req.getFilterChain();
 35                 if (filterChain == null) {
 36                     filterChain = new ApplicationFilterChain();
 37                     req.setFilterChain(filterChain);
 38                 }
 39             }
 40         } else {
 41             // Request dispatcher in use
 42             filterChain = new ApplicationFilterChain();
 43         }
 44 
 45         filterChain.setServlet(servlet);
 46 
 47         filterChain.setSupport
 48             (((StandardWrapper)wrapper).getInstanceSupport());
 49 
 50         // Acquire the filter mappings for this Context
 51         StandardContext context = (StandardContext) wrapper.getParent();
 52         FilterMap filterMaps[] = context.findFilterMaps();
 53 
 54         // If there are no filter mappings, we are done
 55         if ((filterMaps == null) || (filterMaps.length == 0))
 56             return (filterChain);
 57 
 58         // Acquire the information we will need to match filter mappings
 59         String servletName = wrapper.getName();
 60 
 61         // Add the relevant path-mapped filters to this filter chain
 62         for (int i = 0; i < filterMaps.length; i++) {
 63             if (!matchDispatcher(filterMaps[i] ,dispatcher)) {
 64                 continue;
 65             }
 66             if (!matchFiltersURL(filterMaps[i], requestPath))
 67                 continue;
 68             ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = (ApplicationFilterConfig)
 69                 context.findFilterConfig(filterMaps[i].getFilterName());
 70             if (filterConfig == null) {
 71                 // FIXME - log configuration problem
 72                 continue;
 73             }
 74             boolean isCometFilter = false;
 75             if (comet) {
 76                 try {
 77                     isCometFilter = filterConfig.getFilter() instanceof CometFilter;
 78                 } catch (Exception e) {
 79                     // Note: The try catch is there because getFilter has a lot of 
 80                     // declared exceptions. However, the filter is allocated much
 81                     // earlier
 82                     Throwable t = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(e);
 83                     ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
 84                 }
 85                 if (isCometFilter) {
 86                     filterChain.addFilter(filterConfig);
 87                 }
 88             } else {
 89                 filterChain.addFilter(filterConfig);
 90             }
 91         }
 92 
 93         // Add filters that match on servlet name second
 94         for (int i = 0; i < filterMaps.length; i++) {
 95             if (!matchDispatcher(filterMaps[i] ,dispatcher)) {
 96                 continue;
 97             }
 98             if (!matchFiltersServlet(filterMaps[i], servletName))
 99                 continue;
100             ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = (ApplicationFilterConfig)
101                 context.findFilterConfig(filterMaps[i].getFilterName());
102             if (filterConfig == null) {
103                 // FIXME - log configuration problem
104                 continue;
105             }
106             boolean isCometFilter = false;
107             if (comet) {
108                 try {
109                     isCometFilter = filterConfig.getFilter() instanceof CometFilter;
110                 } catch (Exception e) {
111                     // Note: The try catch is there because getFilter has a lot of 
112                     // declared exceptions. However, the filter is allocated much
113                     // earlier
114                 }
115                 if (isCometFilter) {
116                     filterChain.addFilter(filterConfig);
117                 }
118             } else {
119                 filterChain.addFilter(filterConfig);
120             }
121         }
122 
123         // Return the completed filter chain
124         return (filterChain);
125 
126     }

 

可以将如上代码分为两段，51行之前为第一段，51行之后为第二段。

第一段的主要目的是创建ApplicationFilterChain对象以及一些参数设置。

第二段的主要目的是从上下文中获取所有Filter信息，之后使用for循环遍历并调用filterChain.addFilter(filterConfig);将filterConfig放入ApplicationFilterChain对象的ApplicationFilterConfig数组中。

那ApplicationFilterFactory类的createFilterChain()方法又是在什么地方被调用的呢？

是在StandardWrapperValue类的invoke()方法中被调用的。

 

由于invoke()方法较长，所以将很多地方省略。

 

    public final void invoke(Request request, Response response)
        throws IOException, ServletException {
   ...省略中间代码
　　　　 // Create the filter chain for this request
        ApplicationFilterFactory factory =
            ApplicationFilterFactory.getInstance();
        ApplicationFilterChain filterChain =
            factory.createFilterChain(request, wrapper, servlet);
　　...省略中间代码
         filterChain.doFilter(request.getRequest(), response.getResponse());
　　...省略中间代码
    }

 

那正常的流程应该是这样的：

在StandardWrapperValue类的invoke()方法中调用ApplicationFilterChai类的createFilterChain()方法———>在ApplicationFilterChai类的createFilterChain()方法中调用ApplicationFilterChain类的addFilter()方法———>在ApplicationFilterChain类的addFilter()方法中给ApplicationFilterConfig数组赋值。

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根据上面的代码可以看出StandardWrapperValue类的invoke()方法在执行完createFilterChain()方法后，会继续执行ApplicationFilterChain类的doFilter()方法，然后在doFilter()方法中会调用internalDoFilter()方法。

以下是internalDoFilter()方法的部分代码

 

        // Call the next filter if there is one
        if (pos < n) {
　　　　　　　//拿到下一个Filter，将指针向下移动一位
            //pos它来标识当前ApplicationFilterChain（当前过滤器链）执行到哪个过滤器
            ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = filters[pos++];
            Filter filter = null;
            try {
　　　　　　　　　 //获取当前指向的Filter的实例
                filter = filterConfig.getFilter(); 
                support.fireInstanceEvent(InstanceEvent.BEFORE_FILTER_EVENT,
                                          filter, request, response);
                
                if (request.isAsyncSupported() && "false".equalsIgnoreCase(
                        filterConfig.getFilterDef().getAsyncSupported())) {
                    request.setAttribute(Globals.ASYNC_SUPPORTED_ATTR,
                            Boolean.FALSE);
                }
                if( Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED ) {
                    final ServletRequest req = request;
                    final ServletResponse res = response;
                    Principal principal = 
                        ((HttpServletRequest) req).getUserPrincipal();

                    Object[] args = new Object[]{req, res, this};
                    SecurityUtil.doAsPrivilege
                        ("doFilter", filter, classType, args, principal);
                    
                } else {
　　　　　　　　　　　　//调用Filter的doFilter()方法  
                    filter.doFilter(request, response, this);
                }

 

这里的filter.doFilter(request, response, this);就是调用我们前面创建的TestFilter中的doFilter()方法。而TestFilter中的doFilter()方法会继续调用chain.doFilter(request, response);方法，而这个chain其实就是ApplicationFilterChain,所以调用过程又回到了上面调用dofilter和调用internalDoFilter方法，这样执行直到里面的过滤器全部执行。

如果定义两个过滤器，则Debug结果如下：

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