C++ string类学习总结

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-20 11:18:58 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-08-20 11:18:58 发布

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文章标签：内存管理 c/c++

　　C++字符串技术 string类

　 string对象在大多数应用中被用来消除对char*指针的使用，支持所期望的一些操作;

　　可以转换成char*,保持和现代代码的兼容性，还能自动处理内存管理;

　　一些string的实现采用了引用计数，带来了比基于char*的字符串更佳的性能。

　　大多数的编译器已经实现了C++标准的std::string类~

     C++ Code  
  

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/* stlstring.cpp
    C++字符串技术  string类
    string对象在大多数应用中被用来消除对char*指针的使用，支持所期望的一些操作;
    可以转换成char*,保持和现代代码的兼容性，还能自动处理内存管理;
    一些string的实现采用了引用计数，带来了比基于char*的字符串更佳的性能。
    大多数的编译器已经实现了C++标准的std::string类~
*/

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main( void )
{
     //构造字符串，给字符串赋值
    string myString1( "Michael Joessy!" );
    string myString2( 10 , 'q' );
    string myString3 = "Michael Jordan~" ;
    string myString4(myString1);
    string myString5 = myString3;

    cout << myString1 << endl;
    cout << myString2 << endl;
    cout << myString3 << endl;
    cout << myString4 << endl;
    cout << myString5 << endl;

     //字符串读入和读出
     //string::operator>>  string::operator<<    string::getline
    string str;
     //getline(cin, str, ' ');
    cout << str << endl;

     //字符串判断函数
     /*字符串判断为空函数*/
    string empString( "" );
     if (empString.empty())
    {
        cout << "empString is empty!" << endl;
    }
     /*字符串长度函数*/
    string testString = "1234567890" ;
    cout << testString << endl;
    cout << "testString length is " << testString.length() << endl;
    cout << "testString size is " << testString.size() << endl;
    testString.resize( 5 );
    cout << testString << endl;
    cout << "testString length is " << testString.length() << endl;
    cout << "testString size is " << testString.size() << endl;
     /*提示：length(）和size()的功能是一样的，size()是基于STL概念提出来的，而length()还是原来C语言的东西，
            为了更好地符合STL的编程概念，建议使用size()。
    */

     /*字符串指针函数*/
    string str1( "023" );
    cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;
    cout << "str1 = " << str1.c_str() << endl;       //c_str()返回字符串的指针

     //增加字符串成员
    string strAppend( "Michael " );
    cout << strAppend << endl;
     char szTest[] = "Jackson" ;
    strAppend.append(szTest);
    cout << strAppend << endl;
    string strInsert = " great" ;
    strAppend.append(strInsert, 0 , 6 );
    cout << strAppend << endl;
    strAppend.append(strInsert.begin(), strInsert.end());
    cout << strAppend << endl;

    strAppend += " person" ;
    cout << strAppend << endl;

    strAppend.push_back( '!' );
    cout << strAppend << endl;

     //字符串比较函数
     /*关系运算符 == > >= < <=*/
    string strt1 = "Michael" ;
    string strt2 = "Michael" ;
     if (strt1 == strt2)
    {
        cout << "strt1 == strt2" << endl;
    }
    string strt3 = "Michael Joessy" ;
     if (strt3 >= strt1)
    {
        cout << "strt3 >= strt1" << endl;
    }
     /*compare*/
     if (strt1.compare(strt2) == 0 )
    {
        cout << "strt1 == strt2" << endl;
    }
     if (strt3.compare(strt1) != 0 )
    {
        cout << "strt3 != strt1" << endl;
    }

     //字符串查找
    string strfind( "abcdefg" );
     int nPos = 0 ;
    nPos = strfind.find( 'c' );
    cout << "The char c pos is " << nPos << endl;
     char szArray[] = "def" ;
    nPos = strfind.find(szArray);
    cout << "The szArray[] pos is " << nPos << endl;
     char szArrayNone[] = "drf" ;
    nPos = strfind.find(szArrayNone);
    cout << "The szArrayNone[] pos is " << nPos << endl;

    nPos = strfind.rfind( 'c' );
    cout << "The char c pos is " << nPos << endl;
    nPos = strfind.rfind(szArray);
    cout << "The szArray[] pos is " << nPos << endl;
    nPos = strfind.rfind(szArrayNone);
    cout << "The szArrayNone[] pos is " << nPos << endl;

    string strCha = "aaabbbcccdddeeefffggghhh" ;
    nPos = strCha.find_first_of( 'b' );
    cout << "The find_first_of b pos is " << nPos << endl;
    nPos = strCha.find_first_not_of( 'b' );
    cout << "The find_first_not_of b pos is " << nPos << endl;
    nPos = strCha.find_last_of( 'b' );
    cout << "The find_last_of b pos is " << nPos << endl;
    nPos = strCha.find_last_not_of( 'b' );
    cout << "The find_last_not_of b pos is " << nPos << endl;

     //字符串下标和字串函数
    string strSub = "Hello World!" ;
    cout << strSub << endl;
     char ch1 = strSub[ 6 ];
     char ch2 = strSub.at( 11 );
    strSub.at( 11 ) = '~' ;
    cout << strSub << endl;
    strSub.assign( "Hello Man!" );
    cout << strSub << endl;

    cout << strSub.substr( 6 , 9 ) << endl;

     //字符串其它函数
    string strOrg = "Hello Hero!" ;
    cout << strOrg << endl;
    strOrg.insert( 0 , "At " );
    cout << strOrg << endl;
    cout << strOrg.capacity() << endl;
    cout << strOrg.size() << endl;
    strOrg.replace( 0 , 2 , "Ha" );
    cout << strOrg << endl;

    cin.get();
     return 0 ;
}