今天在测试环境本来想模拟一个数据块讹误的错误，但是在实际的操作中却碰到了另外一个问题。 修改完数据文件后，启动数据库碰到ora-1122的错误，没办法只能做数据恢复了，幸亏我在在实验之前冷备整个数据文件。 以下是我的操作步骤：

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/app/oracle/oradata/gbk/system01.dbf
/app/oracle/oradata/gbk/undotbs01.dbf
/app/oracle/oradata/gbk/sysaux01.dbf
/app/oracle/oradata/gbk/users01.dbf

SQL>

SQL> create tablespace block
2 datafile '/app/oracle/oradata/gbk/block.dbf'
3 size 100M
4 extent management local;

SQL> alter user wwx identified by 'password' default tablespace block;

SQL>grant resource,create session to wwx;

SQL> create table test as select * from all_users;

Table created.

SQL> insert into test select * from test;

23 rows created.

SQL> /

46 rows created.

。。。。。。

SQL> /

2944 rows created.

SQL> select count(*) from test;

COUNT(*)
----------
5888

SQL> show user
USER is "WWX"
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> host cp /app/oracle/oradata/gbk/block.dbf /tmp/

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  264241152 bytes
Fixed Size                  1266944 bytes
Variable Size              96471808 bytes
Database Buffers          163577856 bytes
Redo Buffers                2924544 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01122: database file 5 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/app/oracle/oradata/gbk/block.dbf'
ORA-01251: Unknown File Header Version read for file number 5

SQL> desc v$instance
Name                                      Null?    Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
INSTANCE_NUMBER                                    NUMBER
INSTANCE_NAME                                      VARCHAR2(16)
HOST_NAME                                          VARCHAR2(64)
VERSION                                            VARCHAR2(17)
STARTUP_TIME                                       DATE
STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(12)
PARALLEL                                           VARCHAR2(3)
THREAD#                                            NUMBER
ARCHIVER                                           VARCHAR2(7)
LOG_SWITCH_WAIT                                    VARCHAR2(15)
LOGINS                                             VARCHAR2(10)
SHUTDOWN_PENDING                                   VARCHAR2(3)
DATABASE_STATUS                                    VARCHAR2(17)
INSTANCE_ROLE                                      VARCHAR2(18)
ACTIVE_STATE                                       VARCHAR2(9)
BLOCKED                                            VARCHAR2(3)

SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME    STATUS
---------------- ------------
gbk              MOUNTED

SQL> select log_mode from v$database;

LOG_MODE
------------
ARCHIVELOG

SQL> host cp /tmp/block.dbf /app/oracle/oradata/gbk/

SQL> recover tablespace block
ORA-00279: change 697183 generated at 11/03/2010 11:08:17 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/GBK/archivelog/2010_11_03/o1_mf_1_10_%u_.arc
ORA-00280: change 697183 for thread 1 is in sequence #10

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

ORA-00279: change 700629 generated at 11/03/2010 14:53:14 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/GBK/archivelog/2010_11_03/o1_mf_1_11_%u_.arc
ORA-00280: change 700629 for thread 1 is in sequence #11
ORA-00278: log file
'/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/GBK/archivelog/2010_11_03/o1_mf_1_10_6f21ptfj_.
arc' no longer needed for this recovery

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

。。。。。。

ORA-00279: change 709250 generated at 11/03/2010 14:55:22 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/GBK/archivelog/2010_11_03/o1_mf_1_21_%u_.arc
ORA-00280: change 709250 for thread 1 is in sequence #21
ORA-00278: log file
'/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/GBK/archivelog/2010_11_03/o1_mf_1_20_6f21tw39_.
arc' no longer needed for this recovery

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
SQL>
SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> select count(*) from wwx.test;

COUNT(*)
----------
5888

到此恢复完成，实验需要的数据又重新出现在了我的面前。

也可以使用SQL> recover datafile '/app/oracle/oradata/gbk/block.dbf';恢复数据