CCNP-10 OSPF试验(BSCI)-CSDN博客

CCNP-10 OSPF试验6

实验拓扑：

实验要求： R1 R2 R3 通过 FR 相连，形成 hub and spoke 网络拓扑， R1 为 hub 路由器， R2 为 spoke 路由器，在 R1 上采用点到多点子接口， R2 R3 全部采用物理接口，全部起 OSPF ，并且 R1 接口的网络类型配置为点到多点 NBMA 。

试验目的：掌握 OSPF 的点到多点 NBMA 接口类型的配置方法。

实验配置：

R1 ：

R1(config)#int s1/0

R1(config-if)#enca frame-relay

R1(config-if)#no shu

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#int s1/0.1 multipoint

R1(config-subif)#ip add 199.99.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.2 301 broadcast

R1(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.3 302 broadcast

R1(config-subif)#no shu

R1(config-subif)#exit

R2 ：

R2(config)#int s1/0

R2(config-if)#enca frame-relay

R2(config-if)#ip add 199.99.1.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp

R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.1 103 broadcast

R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.2 103 broadcast

R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.3 103 broadcast

R2(config-if)#no shu

R2(config-if)#exit

R3 ：

R3(config)#int s1/0

R3(config-if)#ip add 199.99.1.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#enca frame-relay

R3(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp

R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.1 203 broadcast

R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.2 203 broadcast

R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.3 203 broadcast

R3(config-if)#no shu

R3(config-if)#exit

基本的链路层配置完成，下面 ping 测试一下连通性：

R1#ping 199.99.1.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 199.99.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 168/220/308 ms

R1#ping 199.99.1.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 199.99.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 164/186/216 ms

OK ，都通了，下面开始 OSPF 的配置：

R1(config)#int loop0

R1(config-if)#ip add 100.100.100.100 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#int s1/0.1 multipoint

R1(config-subif)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast

R1(config-subif)#exit

R1(config)#router ospf 100

R1(config-router)#router

R1(config-router)#router-id 100.100.100.100

R1(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

R1(config-router)#exit

R2(config)#int loop0

R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#int s1/0

R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config-if)#router ospf 100

R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2

R2(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

R2(config-router)#exit

R3(config)#int loop0

R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#int s1/0

R3(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#router ospf 100

R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3

R3(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

R3(config-router)#exit

好了，下面我们 show ip ospf neighbor 看一下能否成功建立邻居关系，结果发现无法成功建立邻居关系，因为我们在上面的接口上配置了 ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast 这条命令，如果是点对多点的话，前面我们也做过试验，邻居关系是自动建立的，没有 DR/BDR 的选举，但是这里我们在后面加了一个 non-broadcast 选项，这就需要我们像在配置 NBMA 模式的时候手动添加邻居，如下：

R1(config)#router ospf 100

R1(config-router)#neighbor 199.99.1.2

R1(config-router)#neighbor 199.99.1.3

R2(config)#router ospf 100

R2(config-router)#neighbor 199.99.1.1

R3(config)#router ospf 100

R3(config-router)#neighbor 199.99.1.1

这样配置完成后我们在 R1 上 debug ip ospf adj 看一下效果：

R1#debug ip ospf adj

OSPF adjacency events debugging is on

R1#clear ip ospf p

Reset ALL OSPF processes? [no]: y

*Mar 1 00:05:59.743: OSPF: Interface Serial1/0.1 going Down

*Mar 1 00:05:59.743: OSPF: 100.100.100.100 address 199.99.1.1 on Serial1/0.1 is dead, state DOWN

*Mar 1 00:05:59.743: OSPF: 0.0.0.0 address 199.99.1.3 on Serial1/0.1 is dead, state DOWN

*Mar 1 00:05:59.747: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 0.0.0.0 on Serial1/0.1 from DOWN to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached

*Mar 1 00:05:59.747: OSPF: 0.0.0.0 address 199.99.1.2 on Serial1/0.1 is dead, state DOWN

*Mar 1 00:05:59.747: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 0.0.0.0 on Serial1/0.1 from DOWN to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached

*Mar 1 00:05:59.751: OSPF: Interface Loopback0 going Down

*Mar 1 00:05:59.751: OSPF: 100.100.100.100 address 100.100.100.100 on Loopback0 is dead, state DOWN

*Mar 1 00:05:59.763: OSPF: Interface Serial1/0.1 going Up

*Mar 1 00:05:59.763: OSPF: Send hello to 199.99.1.3 area 0 on Serial1/0.1 from 199.99.1.1 // 发送单播 HELLO 包给 199.99.1.3 。

*Mar 1 00:05:59.763: OSPF: Send hello to 199.99.1.2 area 0 on Serial1/0.1 from 199.99.1.1// 发送单播 HELLO 包给 199.99.1.2 。

*Mar 1 00:05:59.767: OSPF: Interface Loopback0 going Up

*Mar 1 00:05:59.959: OSPF: Rcv hello from 3.3.3.3 area 0 from Serial1/0.1 199.99.1.3 // 收到 R3 发来的 HELLO 包。

*Mar 1 00:05:59.963: OSPF: 2 Way Communication to 3.3.3.3 on Serial1/0.1, state 2WAY // 与 R3 的邻居关系成为 2 Way 。

*Mar 1 00:05:59.963: OSPF: Send DBD to 3.3.3.3 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0xEE0 opt 0x52 flag 0x7 len 32 // 发送数据库描述报文给 R3 。

*Mar 1 00:05:59.963: OSPF: End of hello processing

*Mar 1 00:05:59.967: OSPF: Rcv hello from 2.2.2.2 area 0 from Serial1/0.1 199.99.1.2 // 收到 R2 发来的 HELLO 包。

*Mar 1 00:05:59.967: OSPF: 2 Way Communication to 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/0.1, state 2WAY // 与 R2 的邻居关系成为 2 Way 。

*Mar 1 00:05:59.967: OSPF: Send DBD to 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0x13A4 opt 0x52 flag 0x7 len 32 // 发送数据库描述报文给 R2 。

*Mar 1 00:05:59.971: OSPF: End of hello processing

*Mar 1 00:06:00.079: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0x16B2 opt 0x52 flag 0x7 len 32 mtu 1500 state EXSTART // 收到 R2 发来的数据库描述报文，邻居关系变成 EXSTART 。

*Mar 1 00:06:00.083: OSPF: First DBD and we are not SLAVE //MASTER/SLAVE 判断。

*Mar 1 00:06:00.179: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0x13A4 opt 0x52 flag 0x2 len 52 mtu 1500 state EXSTART

*Mar 1 00:06:00.179: OSPF: NBR Negotiation Done. We are the MASTER // 成为 MASTER 。

*Mar 1 00:06:00.179: OSPF: Send DBD to 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0x13A5 opt 0x52 flag 0x1 len 32

*Mar 1 00:06:00.183: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 3.3.3.3 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0xF43 opt 0x52 flag 0x7 len 32 mtu 1500 state EXSTART // 收到 R3 发来的数据库描述报文，邻居关系变成 EXSTART 。

*Mar 1 00:06:00.183: OSPF: First DBD and we are not SLAVE//MASTER/SLAVE 判断。

*Mar 1 00:06:00.183: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 3.3.3.3 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0xEE0 opt 0x52 flag 0x2 len 52 mtu 1500 state EXSTART

*Mar 1 00:06:00.183: OSPF: NBR Negotiation Done. We are the MASTER// 成为 MASTER 。

*Mar 1 00:06:00.187: OSPF: Send DBD to 3.3.3.3 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0xEE1 opt 0x52 flag 0x1 len 32

*Mar 1 00:06:00.247: OSPF: Build router LSA for area 0, router ID 100.100.100.100, seq 0x80000001 // 建立 LSA TYPE-1 。

*Mar 1 00:06:00.467: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0x13A5 opt 0x52 flag 0x0 len 32 mtu 1500 state EXCHANGE // 与 R2 的邻居关系变为 EXCHANGE 。

*Mar 1 00:06:00.467: OSPF: Exchange Done with 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/0.1

*Mar 1 00:06:00.467: OSPF: Send LS REQ to 2.2.2.2 length 12 LSA count 1 // 发送 LSR 给 R2 。

*Mar 1 00:06:00.471: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 3.3.3.3 on Serial1/0.1 seq 0xEE1 opt 0x52 flag 0x0 len 32 mtu 1500 state EXCHANGE// 与 R3 的邻居关系变为 EXCHANGE 。

*Mar 1 00:06:00.471: OSPF: Exchange Done with 3.3.3.3 on Serial1/0.1

*Mar 1 00:06:00.471: OSPF: Send LS REQ to 3.3.3.3 length 12 LSA count 1// 发送 LSR 给 R3 。

*Mar 1 00:06:00.727: OSPF: Rcv LS UPD from 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/0.1 length 76 LSA count 1// 收到 R2 发送来的 LSU 更新报文。

*Mar 1 00:06:00.731: OSPF: Synchronized with 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/0.1, state FULL

*Mar 1 00:06:00.731: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/0.1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done//LSDB 与 R2 达成一致，邻居关系转为 FULL 状态。

*Mar 1 00:06:00.735: OSPF: Rcv LS UPD from 3.3.3.3 on Serial1/0.1 length 76 LSA count 1// 收到 R3 发送来的 LSU 更新报文。

*Mar 1 00:06:00.735: OSPF: Synchronized with 3.3.3.3 on Serial1/0.1, state FULL

*Mar 1 00:06:00.735: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on Serial1/0.1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done//LSDB 与 R3 达成一致，邻居关系转为 FULL 状态。

*Mar 1 00:06:00.895: OSPF: Rcv LS UPD from 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/0.1 length 88 LSA count 1

*Mar 1 00:06:00.903: OSPF: Rcv LS UPD from 3.3.3.3 on Serial1/0.1 length 88 LSA count 1

*Mar 1 00:06:06.235: OSPF: Build router LSA for area 0, router ID 100.100.100.100, seq 0x80000002

*Mar 1 00:06:06.235: OSPF: Rcv hello from 2.2.2.2 area 0 from Serial1/0.1 199.99.1.2

*Mar 1 00:06:06.239: OSPF: End of hello processing

通过 debug 信息我们可以清楚地看到整个邻居建立过程和路由更新过程，然后我们 show ip ospf neighbor 查看一下邻居关系表：

R1#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

3.3.3 .3 0 FULL/ - 00:01:58 199.99.1.3 Serial1/0.1

2.2.2 .2 0 FULL/ - 00:01:59 199.99.1.2 Serial1/0.1

R2#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

100.100.100.100 0 FULL/ - 00:01:37 199.99.1.1 Serial1/0

R3#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

100.100.100.100 0 FULL/ - 00:01:37 199.99.1.1 Serial1/0

成功地建立了邻居关系，我们还可以发现没有 DR/BDR 的选举，我们用 show ip ospf interface 看一下接口的 OSPF 配置：

R1#show ip ospf interface

Serial1/0.1 is up, line protocol is up

Internet Address 199.99.1.1/24, Area 0

Process ID 100, Router ID 100.100.100.100, Network Type POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Cost: 64

Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT,

Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5

oob-resync timeout 120

Hello due in 00:00:04

Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)

Index 1/1, flood queue length 0

Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)

Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1

Last flood scan time is 4 msec, maximum is 4 msec

Neighbor Count is 2, Adjacent neighbor count is 2

Adjacent with neighbor 3.3.3.3

Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2

Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up

Internet Address 100.100.100.100/24, Area 0

Process ID 100, Router ID 100.100.100.100, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 1

Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,

Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5

oob-resync timeout 40

Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)

Index 2/2, flood queue length 0

Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)

Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0

Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0

Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

R2#show ip ospf interface

Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up

Internet Address 199.99.1.2/24, Area 0

Process ID 100, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Cost: 64

Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT,

Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5

oob-resync timeout 120

Hello due in 00:00:08

Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)

Index 1/1, flood queue length 0

Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)

Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1

Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1

Adjacent with neighbor 100.100.100.100

Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up

Internet Address 2.2.2.2/24, Area 0

Process ID 100, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 1

Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,

Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5

oob-resync timeout 40

Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)

Index 2/2, flood queue length 0

Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)

Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0

Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0

Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

R3#show ip ospf interface

Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up

Internet Address 199.99.1.3/24, Area 0

Process ID 100, Router ID 3.3.3.3, Network Type POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Cost: 64

Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT,

Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5

oob-resync timeout 120

Hello due in 00:00:09

Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)

Index 1/1, flood queue length 0

Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)

Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1

Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1

Adjacent with neighbor 100.100.100.100

Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up

Internet Address 3.3.3.3/24, Area 0

Process ID 100, Router ID 3.3.3.3, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 1

Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,

Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5

oob-resync timeout 40

Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)

Index 2/2, flood queue length 0

Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)

Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0

Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0

Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

注意这里用红色表里的部分，接口的网络类型为 POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT ，（纯 POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT 情况下，邻居关系自动建立，但是我们在配置的时候加了一个 non-broadcast 选项，这样的话需要像在配置 NBMA 时手动添加邻居，但是与 NBMA 不同的是， NBMA 下有 DR/BDR 的选举，而这里没有），默认的 HELLO 时间间隔为 30 秒，等待时间和死亡时间为 HELLO 时间间隔的 4 倍， 120 秒。

最后我们查看一下路由表：

R1#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 2.2.2.0 [110/65] via 199.99.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial1/0.1

100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 100.100.100.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 3.3.3.0 [110/65] via 199.99.1.3, 00:00:04, Serial1/0.1

199.99.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks

C 199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.1

O 199.99.1.3/32 [110/64] via 199.99.1.3, 00:00:04, Serial1/0.1

O 199.99.1.2/32 [110/64] via 199.99.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial1/0.1

R2#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 100.100.100.0 [110/65] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:01, Serial1/0

3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 3.3.3.0 [110/129] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:01, Serial1/0

199.99.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks

O 199.99.1.1/32 [110/64] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:01, Serial1/0

C 199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

O 199.99.1.3/32 [110/128] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:01, Serial1/0

R3#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 2.2.2.0 [110/129] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:13, Serial1/0

100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 100.100.100.0 [110/65] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:13, Serial1/0

3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

199.99.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks

O 199.99.1.1/32 [110/64] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:13, Serial1/0

C 199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

O 199.99.1.2/32 [110/128] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:13, Serial1/0

看到了吗？在这里又出现了 32 位的主机路由，那么我们可以推断出 OSPF 在接口类型为 POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT 和 point-to-multipoint non-broadcast 的时候，那么接口地址就会以 32 为主机路由得方式更新（这个只是我个人的推论，如有错误，欢迎指正！）。

实验总结：掌握在 NBMA 部分网格环境下， OSPF 接口网络类型为 point-to-multipoint non-broadcast 时， OSPF 的配置方法，知道在这种条件下邻居关系是不会自动建立的，需要手动添加邻居关系，并且没有 DR/BDR 的选举，默认的 HELLO 时间间隔为 30 秒，等待时间和死亡时间为 HELLO 时间间隔的 4 倍， 120 秒。