在Oracle 中我们知道有一个 Hierarchical Queries 通过CONNECT BY 我们可以方便的查了所有当前节点下的所有子节点。但很遗憾,在MySQL的目前版本中还没有对应的功能。
在MySQL中如果是有限的层次,比如我们事先如果可以确定这个树的最大深度是4, 那么所有节点为根的树的深度均不会超过4,则我们可以直接通过left join 来实现。
但很多时候我们无法控制树的深度。这时就需要在MySQL中用存储过程来实现或在你的程序中来实现这个递归。本文讨论一下几种实现的方法。
样例数据:
mysql> create table treeNodes
-> (
-> id int primary key,
-> nodename varchar(20),
-> pid int
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> select * from treenodes;
+----+----------+------+
| id | nodename | pid |
+----+----------+------+
| 1 | A | 0 |
| 2 | B | 1 |
| 3 | C | 1 |
| 4 | D | 2 |
| 5 | E | 2 |
| 6 | F | 3 |
| 7 | G | 6 |
| 8 | H | 0 |
| 9 | I | 8 |
| 10 | J | 8 |
| 11 | K | 8 |
| 12 | L | 9 |
| 13 | M | 9 |
| 14 | N | 12 |
| 15 | O | 12 |
| 16 | P | 15 |
| 17 | Q | 15 |
+----+----------+------+
17 rows in set (0.00 sec)
树形图如下
1:A
+-- 2:B
| +-- 4:D
| +-- 5:E
+-- 3:C
+-- 6:F
+-- 7:G
8:H
+-- 9:I
| +-- 12:L
| | +--14:N
| | +--15:O
| | +--16:P
| | +--17:Q
| +-- 13:M
+-- 10:J
+-- 11:K
方法一:利用函数来得到所有子节点号。
创建一个function getChildLst, 得到一个由所有子节点号组成的字符串.
mysql> delimiter //
mysql>
mysql> CREATE FUNCTION `getChildLst`(rootId INT)
-> RETURNS varchar(1000)
-> BEGIN
-> DECLARE sTemp VARCHAR(1000);
-> DECLARE sTempChd VARCHAR(1000);
->
-> SET sTemp = '$';
-> SET sTempChd =cast(rootId as CHAR);
->
-> WHILE sTempChd is not null DO
-> SET sTemp = concat(sTemp,',',sTempChd);
-> SELECT group_concat(id) INTO sTempChd FROM treeNodes where FIND_IN_SET(pid,sTempChd)>0;
-> END WHILE;
-> RETURN sTemp;
-> END
-> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> delimiter ;
使用我们直接利用find_in_set函数配合这个getChildlst来查找
mysql> select getChildLst(1);
+-----------------+
| getChildLst(1) |
+-----------------+
| $,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from treeNodes
-> where FIND_IN_SET(id, getChildLst(1));
+----+----------+------+
| id | nodename | pid |
+----+----------+------+
| 1 | A | 0 |
| 2 | B | 1 |
| 3 | C | 1 |
| 4 | D | 2 |
| 5 | E | 2 |
| 6 | F | 3 |
| 7 | G | 6 |
+----+----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from treeNodes
-> where FIND_IN_SET(id, getChildLst(3));
+----+----------+------+
| id | nodename | pid |
+----+----------+------+
| 3 | C | 1 |
| 6 | F | 3 |
| 7 | G | 6 |
+----+----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
优点: 简单,方便,没有递归调用层次深度的限制 (max_sp_recursion_depth,最大255) ;
缺点:长度受限,虽然可以扩大 RETURNS varchar(1000),但总是有最大限制的。
MySQL目前版本( 5.1.33-community)中还不支持function 的递归调用。
我自己改的方法一 可以解决返回值最大长度限制问题
----------------------------------------------------------------------
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE getChildList(rootId INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE sTemp VARCHAR(100000);
DECLARE sTempChd VARCHAR(10000);
SET sTemp='$';
SET sTempChd=CAST(rootId AS CHAR);
WHILE sTempChd IS NOT NULL DO
SET sTemp=CONCAT(sTemp,',',sTempChd);
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(member_id) INTO sTempChd FROM member_info
WHERE FIND_IN_SET(parent_id,sTempChd)>0;
END WHILE;
SELECT member_id AS memberId,parent_id AS parentId FROM member_info WHERE FIND_IN_SET(member_id,sTemp);
END
//
DELIMITER ;
CALL getChildList(142182);
----------------------------------------------------------------------
方法二:利用临时表和过程递归
创建存储过程如下。createChildLst 为递归过程,showChildLst为调用入口过程,准备临时表及初始化。
mysql> delimiter //
mysql>
mysql> # 入口过程
mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE showChildLst (IN rootId INT)
-> BEGIN
-> CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tmpLst
-> (sno int primary key auto_increment,id int,depth int);
-> DELETE FROM tmpLst;
->
-> CALL createChildLst(rootId,0);
->
-> select tmpLst.*,treeNodes.* from tmpLst,treeNodes where tmpLst.id=treeNodes.id order by tmpLst.sno;
-> END;
-> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> # 递归过程
mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE createChildLst (IN rootId INT,IN nDepth INT)
-> BEGIN
-> DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
-> DECLARE b INT;
-> DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT id FROM treeNodes where pid=rootId;
-> DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1;
->
-> insert into tmpLst values (null,rootId,nDepth);
->
-> OPEN cur1;
->
-> FETCH cur1 INTO b;
-> WHILE done=0 DO
-> CALL createChildLst(b,nDepth+1);
-> FETCH cur1 INTO b;
-> END WHILE;
->
-> CLOSE cur1;
-> END;
-> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> delimiter ;
调用时传入结点
mysql> call showChildLst(1);
+-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+
| sno | id | depth | id | nodename | pid |
+-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+
| 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | A | 0 |
| 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | B | 1 |
| 6 | 4 | 2 | 4 | D | 2 |
| 7 | 5 | 2 | 5 | E | 2 |
| 8 | 3 | 1 | 3 | C | 1 |
| 9 | 6 | 2 | 6 | F | 3 |
| 10 | 7 | 3 | 7 | G | 6 |
+-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.13 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.14 sec)
mysql>
mysql> call showChildLst(3);
+-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+
| sno | id | depth | id | nodename | pid |
+-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+
| 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | C | 1 |
| 2 | 6 | 1 | 6 | F | 3 |
| 3 | 7 | 2 | 7 | G | 6 |
+-----+------+-------+----+----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.11 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.11 sec)
depth 为深度,这样可以在程序进行一些显示上的格式化处理。类似于oracle中的 level 伪列。sno 仅供排序控制。这样你还可以通过临时表tmpLst与数据库中其它表进行联接查询。
MySQL中你可以利用系统参数 max_sp_recursion_depth 来控制递归调用的层数上限。如下例设为12.
mysql> set max_sp_recursion_depth=12;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
优点 : 可以更灵活处理,及层数的显示。并且可以按照树的遍历顺序得到结果。
缺点 : 递归有255的限制。
方法三:利用中间表和过程
(本方法由yongyupost2000提供样子改编)
创建存储过程如下。由于MySQL中不允许在同一语句中对临时表多次引用,只以使用普通表tmpLst来实现了。当然你的程序中负责在用完后清除这个表。
delimiter //
drop PROCEDURE IF EXISTS showTreeNodes_yongyupost2000//
CREATE PROCEDURE showTreeNodes_yongyupost2000 (IN rootid INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE Level int ;
drop TABLE IF EXISTS tmpLst;
CREATE TABLE tmpLst (
id int,
nLevel int,
sCort varchar(8000)
);
Set Level=0 ;
INSERT into tmpLst SELECT id,Level,ID FROM treeNodes WHERE PID=rootid;
WHILE ROW_COUNT()>0 DO
SET Level=Level+1 ;
INSERT into tmpLst
SELECT A.ID,Level,concat(B.sCort,A.ID) FROM treeNodes A,tmpLst B
WHERE A.PID=B.ID AND B.nLevel=Level-1 ;
END WHILE;
END;
//
delimiter ;
CALL showTreeNodes_yongyupost2000(0);
执行完后会产生一个tmpLst表,nLevel 为节点深度,sCort 为排序字段。
使用方法
SELECT concat(SPACE(B.nLevel*2),'+--',A.nodename)
FROM treeNodes A,tmpLst B
WHERE A.ID=B.ID
ORDER BY B.sCort;
+--------------------------------------------+
| concat(SPACE(B.nLevel*2),'+--',A.nodename) |
+--------------------------------------------+
| +--A |
| +--B |
| +--D |
| +--E |
| +--C |
| +--F |
| +--G |
| +--H |
| +--J |
| +--K |
| +--I |
| +--L |
| +--N |
| +--O |
| +--P |
| +--Q |
| +--M |
+--------------------------------------------+
17 rows in set (0.00 sec)
优点 : 层数的显示。并且可以按照树的遍历顺序得到结果。没有递归限制。
缺点 : MySQL中对临时表的限制,只能使用普通表,需做事后清理。
以上是几个在MySQL中用存储过程比较简单的实现方法。
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-==-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
--表结构
CREATE TABLE `address` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`code_value` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '区域编码',
`name` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '区域名称',
`remark` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '说明',
`pid` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'pid是code_value',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `ix_name` (`name`,`code_value`,`pid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1033 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='行政区域表';
--mysql 实现树结构查询
--方法一
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_showChildLst(IN rootId varchar(20))
BEGIN
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tmpLst
(sno int primary key auto_increment,code_value VARCHAR(20),depth int);
DELETE FROM tmpLst;
CALL sp_createChildLst(rootId,0);
select tmpLst.*,address.* from tmpLst,address where tmpLst.code_value=address.code_value order by tmpLst.sno;
END
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_createChildLst(IN rootId varchar(20),IN nDepth INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE b VARCHAR(20);
DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT code_value FROM address where pid=rootId;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1;
insert into tmpLst values (null,rootId,nDepth);
SET @@max_sp_recursion_depth = 10;
OPEN cur1;
FETCH cur1 INTO b;
WHILE done=0 DO
CALL sp_createChildLst(b,nDepth+1);
FETCH cur1 INTO b;
END WHILE;
CLOSE cur1;
END
--方法二(此方法有线程安全问题)
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_getAddressChild_list(in idd varchar(36))
begin
declare lev int;
set lev=1;
drop table if exists tmp1;
CREATE TABLE tmp1(code_value VARCHAR(36),`name` varchar(50),pid varchar(36) ,levv INT);
INSERT tmp1 SELECT code_value,`name`,pid,1 FROM address WHERE pid=idd;
while row_count()>0
do
set lev=lev+1;
INSERT tmp1 SELECT t.code_value,t.`name`,t.pid,lev from address t join tmp1 a on t.pid=a.code_value AND levv=lev-1;
end while ;
INSERT tmp1 SELECT code_value,`name`,pid,0 FROM address WHERE code_value=idd;
SELECT * FROM tmp1;
end
--方法三
CREATE FUNCTION fn_getAddress_ChildList_test(rootId INT) RETURNS varchar(1000) CHARSET utf8 #rootId为你要查询的节点
BEGIN
#声明两个临时变量
DECLARE temp VARCHAR(1000);
DECLARE tempChd VARCHAR(1000);
SET temp = '$';
SET tempChd=CAST(rootId AS CHAR);#把rootId强制转换为字符
WHILE tempChd is not null DO
SET temp = CONCAT(temp,',',tempChd);#循环把所有节点连接成字符串。
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(code_value) INTO tempChd FROM address where FIND_IN_SET(pid,tempChd)>0;
END WHILE;
RETURN temp;
END
--方法四
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_findAddressChild(iid varchar(50),layer bigint(20))
BEGIN
/*创建接受查询的临时表 */
create temporary table if not exists tmp_table(id varchar(50),code_value varchar(50),name varchar(50),pid VARCHAR(50)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*最高允许递归数*/
SET @@max_sp_recursion_depth = 10 ;
call sp_iterativeAddress(iid,layer);/*核心数据收集*/
select * from tmp_table ;/* 展现 */
drop temporary table if exists tmp_table ;/*删除临时表*/
END
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_iterativeAddress(iid varchar(50),layer bigint(20))
BEGIN
DECLARE t_id INT;
declare t_codeValue varchar(50) default iid ;
declare t_name varchar(50) character set utf8;
declare t_pid varchar(50) character set utf8;
/* 游标定义 */
declare cur1 CURSOR FOR select id,code_value,`name`,pid from address where pid=iid ;
declare CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLSTATE '02000' SET t_codeValue = null;
/* 允许递归深度 */
if layer>0 then
OPEN cur1 ;
FETCH cur1 INTO t_id,t_codeValue,t_name,t_pid ;
WHILE ( t_codeValue is not null )
DO
/* 核心数据收集 */
insert into tmp_table values(t_id,t_codeValue,t_name,t_pid);
call sp_iterativeAddress(t_codeValue,layer-1);
FETCH cur1 INTO t_id,t_codeValue,t_name,t_pid ;
END WHILE;
end if;
END
--方法五 SQL实现
SELECT `name`,code_value AS code_value,pid AS 父ID ,levels AS 父到子之间级数, paths AS 父到子路径 FROM (
SELECT `name`,code_value,pid,
@le:= IF (pid = 0 ,0,
IF( LOCATE( CONCAT('|',pid,':'),@pathlevel) > 0 ,
SUBSTRING_INDEX( SUBSTRING_INDEX(@pathlevel,CONCAT('|',pid,':'),-1),'|',1) +1
,@le+1) ) levels
, @pathlevel:= CONCAT(@pathlevel,'|',code_value,':', @le ,'|') pathlevel
, @pathnodes:= IF( pid =0,',0',
CONCAT_WS(',',
IF( LOCATE( CONCAT('|',pid,':'),@pathall) > 0 ,
SUBSTRING_INDEX( SUBSTRING_INDEX(@pathall,CONCAT('|',pid,':'),-1),'|',1)
,@pathnodes ) ,pid ) )paths
,@pathall:=CONCAT(@pathall,'|',code_value,':', @pathnodes ,'|') pathall
FROM address,
(SELECT @le:=0,@pathlevel:='', @pathall:='',@pathnodes:='') vv
ORDER BY pid,code_value
) src
ORDER BY pid
--方法6 存储过程(SQL实现)
create procedure query_all_add_children(in inPid varchar(50))
begin
select id,code_value,name,remark,pid,p2id,p3id,p4id,p5id
from(
select a1.id,a1.code_value,a1.name,a1.remark,
a1.pid,a2.pid p2id,a3.pid p3id,a4.pid p4id,a5.pid p5id
from
address a1 left join address a2
on(a1.pid=a2.code_value)
left join address a3
on(a2.pid=a3.code_value)
left join address a4
on(a3.pid=a4.code_value)
left join address a5
on(a4.pid=a5.code_value)
) al
where
(pid=inPid
or p2id=inPid
or p3id=inPid
or p4id=inPid
or p5id=inPid
);
end
个人的一些理解:我是用的方法一:取出所有节点利用MySql函数截取所需要的字符串,然后在SQL中字段IN(调用此方法)来进行查询,这样效率比较高,方法6效率也较高,其他方法都有效率问题。