Android神笔之Paint-CSDN博客

再Android中，自定义控件是一个非常重要的知识点，而自定义控件对Android开发者是一个难点，考验开发人员对View原理的理解，对于继承View的自定义控件，一般都需要重写onDraw方法，而且往往需要开发人员能够掌握Paint这个类。

简介

The Paint class holds the style and color information about how to draw geometries, text and bitmaps.

Paint：该类保存了绘制几何图形、文本和位图的样式和颜色信息。也就是说我们可以使用Paint保存的样式和颜色，来绘制图形、文本和bitmap，这就是Paint的强大之处。接下来我们使用Paint来绘图，并且看看该类有哪些样式和颜色。

Paint的使用

使用Paint之前需要初始化

mPaint = new Paint();

设置笔（Paint）的颜色和alpha值：

mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
mPaint.setAlpha(255);
复制代码

注意alpha的范围是[0..255]，而不是[0..1]，是一个int值。

设置画笔的样式：通过mPaint.setStyle()来设置样式。

    public enum Style {
        /**
         * Geometry and text drawn with this style will be filled, ignoring all
         * stroke-related settings in the paint.
         */
        FILL            (0),
        /**
         * Geometry and text drawn with this style will be stroked, respecting
         * the stroke-related fields on the paint.
         */
        STROKE          (1),
        /**
         * Geometry and text drawn with this style will be both filled and
         * stroked at the same time, respecting the stroke-related fields on
         * the paint. This mode can give unexpected results if the geometry
         * is oriented counter-clockwise. This restriction does not apply to
         * either FILL or STROKE.
         */
        FILL_AND_STROKE (2);

        Style(int nativeInt) {
            this.nativeInt = nativeInt;
        }
        final int nativeInt;
    }
复制代码

总共有三种画笔的样式

FILL：填充内容；

STROKE：描边；

FILL_AND_STROKE：填充内容并描边。

设置画笔的宽度

mPaint.setStrokeWidth(50);

设置画笔的线帽

通过mPaint.setStrokeCap来设置线帽，总共有三种线帽

    /**
     * The Cap specifies the treatment for the beginning and ending of
     * stroked lines and paths. The default is BUTT.
     */
    public enum Cap {
        /**
         * The stroke ends with the path, and does not project beyond it.
         */
        BUTT    (0),
        /**
         * The stroke projects out as a semicircle, with the center at the
         * end of the path.
         */
        ROUND   (1),
        /**
         * The stroke projects out as a square, with the center at the end
         * of the path.
         */
        SQUARE  (2);

        private Cap(int nativeInt) {
            this.nativeInt = nativeInt;
        }
        final int nativeInt;
    }
复制代码

BUTT：没有线帽，默认模式

ROUND：圆形

SQUARE：方形

三种线帽对比：

 @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);
        mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        mPaint.setAlpha(255);

        //设置画笔的样式
        mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE);
        //画笔的宽度
		mPaint.setStrokeWidth(50);
		mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.SQUARE);//方形
		mPaint.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.BEVEL);//直线

        Path path = new Path();
        path.moveTo(100, 100);
        path.lineTo(300, 100);
        canvas.drawPath(path, mPaint);

        mPaint.reset();//重置
        mPaint.setColor(Color.RED);
        mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(50);
        mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.ROUND);//圆形
        mPaint.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.BEVEL);//直线

        Path path1 = new Path();
        path1.moveTo(100, 200);
        path1.lineTo(300, 200);
        canvas.drawPath(path1, mPaint);

        mPaint.reset();//重置
        mPaint.setColor(Color.GREEN);
        mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(50);
        mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.BUTT);//没有
        mPaint.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.BEVEL);//直线

        Path path2 = new Path();
        path2.moveTo(100, 300);
        path2.lineTo(300, 300);
        canvas.drawPath(path2, mPaint);

    }
复制代码

上面代码中有个重置画笔，这时候需要重新设置画笔。

设置Join

使用setStrokeJoin方法来设置Join，Join有三种类型：

BEVEL：直线

ROUND：圆角

MITER：锐角

 @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);
        mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        mPaint.setAlpha(255);
        mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);//设置画笔的样式
		mPaint.setStrokeWidth(50);//画笔的宽度
		mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.BUTT);//线帽
		mPaint.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.BEVEL);

        Path path = new Path();
        path.moveTo(100, 100);
		path.lineTo(300, 100);
		path.lineTo(100, 300);
        path.close();
        canvas.drawPath(path, mPaint);

        mPaint.reset();//重置
        mPaint.setColor(Color.RED);
        mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(50);
        mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.BUTT);//圆形
        mPaint.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.ROUND);//圆弧

        Path path1 = new Path();
        path1.moveTo(100, 400);
        path1.lineTo(300, 400);
        path1.lineTo(100, 700);
        path1.close();
        canvas.drawPath(path1, mPaint);

        mPaint.reset();//重置
        mPaint.setColor(Color.GREEN);
        mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(50);
        mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.BUTT);//没有
        mPaint.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.MITER);//锐角

        Path path2 = new Path();
        path2.moveTo(100, 800);
        path2.lineTo(300, 800);
        path2.lineTo(100, 1100);
        path2.close();
        canvas.drawPath(path2, mPaint);

    }
复制代码

以上就是Join三种类型对比。

设置防锯齿

mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);

如果设置防锯齿，会损失一定的性能

抖动处理

使用mPaint.setDither()方法，设置是否使用图像抖动处理。会使绘制的图片等颜色更加的清晰以及饱满，也是损失性能。

使用Path绘制图形

点组成线，线组成面，这样Path可以绘制各种各样的图形，可以说是无所不能的了，但是Path也提供了很多方法，来绘制图形。

文本绘制

上文中，介绍了Paint画笔，和绘制了一些图形。但是介绍Paint的时候，我们知道它可以绘制图形，文本和bitmap，所以Paint是非常强大的了，我们看下Paint是如何绘制文本的。

设置字符之间的间距

setLetterSpacing

设置文本删除线

mPaint.setStrikeThruText(true);

是否设置下划线

mPaint.setUnderlineText(true);

设置文本大小

mPaint.setTextSize(textSize);

设置字体类型

mPaint.setTypeface(Typeface.BOLD); // Style public static final int NORMAL = 0;//常规 public static final int BOLD = 1;//粗体 public static final int ITALIC = 2; //斜体 public static final int BOLD_ITALIC = 3;//粗斜体

字体类型有以上四种类型可以设置。

加载自定义字体

Typeface.create(familyName, style)

文字倾斜

mPaint.setTextSkewX(-0.25f);

文字倾斜默认为0，官方推荐的-0.25f是斜体

文本对齐方式

mPaint.setTextAlign(Align.LEFT)

有三种：

public enum Align {
        /**
         * The text is drawn to the right of the x,y origin
         */
        LEFT    (0),//左对齐
        /**
         * The text is drawn centered horizontally on the x,y origin
         */
        CENTER  (1),//居中
        /**
         * The text is drawn to the left of the x,y origin
         */
        RIGHT   (2);//右对齐

        private Align(int nativeInt) {
            this.nativeInt = nativeInt;
        }
        final int nativeInt;
    }
复制代码

计算制定长度的字符串

int breadText = mPaint.breakText(text, measureForwards, maxWidth, measuredWidth)

注意：字符长度、字符个数、显示的时候是真实的长度

Rect bounds获取文本的矩形区域（宽高）
mPaint.getTextBounds(text, index, count, bounds)
mPaint.getTextBounds(text, start, end, bounds)
		
//获取文本的宽度，和上面类似，但是是一个比较粗略的结果
float measureText = mPaint.measureText(str);
//获取文本的宽度，和上面类似，但是是比较精准的。
float[] measuredWidth = new float[10];

//measuredWidth得到每一个字符的宽度；textWidths字符数
int textWidths = mPaint.getTextWidths(str, measuredWidth);
mPaint.getTextWidths(text, start, end, widths)
复制代码

使用drawText绘制文本

public class PaintView extends View {

    private Paint mPaint;
    private String text = "你是我世界之光，我心另一半";

    public PaintView(Context context) {
        this(context,null);
    }

    public PaintView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
        this(context, attrs,0);
    }

    public PaintView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        init(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
    }

    private void init(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        mPaint = new Paint();
    }


    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);
        mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);//设置画笔的样式
		mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.BUTT);//线帽
		mPaint.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.BEVEL);

        int top = 100;
        int baselineX = 0;
        mPaint.setTextSize(50);
        mPaint.setTextAlign(Paint.Align.LEFT);

        canvas.drawLine(0, top, 2000, top, mPaint);


        //文本Metrics
        Paint.FontMetrics fontMetrics = mPaint.getFontMetrics();
        float baselineY = top - fontMetrics.top;
        canvas.drawText(text, baselineX, baselineY, mPaint);

    }
}
复制代码

绘制文本时，还有一个很重要的知识点就是基线的确定,有关drawtext的基线，可以参考《DrawText 基线的确定》这篇文章。