unbuffered, information appears on the destination file or terminal as soon as written; when it is block buffered many charac‐
ters are saved up and written as a block; when it is line buffered characters are saved up until a newline is output or input
is read from any stream attached to a terminal device (typically stdin). The function fflush(3) may be used to force the
block out early. (See fclose(3).) Normally all files are block buffered. When the first I/O operation occurs on a file,
malloc(3) is called, and a buffer is obtained. If a stream refers to a terminal (as stdout normally does) it is line
buffered. The standard error stream stderr is always unbuffered by default.