Linux系统有7个运行级别(runlevel)
运行级别0：系统停机状态，系统默认运行级别不能设为0，否则不能正常启动
运行级别1：单用户工作状态，root权限，用于系统维护，禁止远程登陆
运行级别2：多用户状态(没有NFS)
运行级别3：完全的多用户状态(有NFS)，登陆后进入控制台命令行模式
运行级别4：系统未使用，保留
运行级别5：X11控制台，登陆后进入图形GUI模式
运行级别6：系统正常关闭并重启，默认运行级别不能设为6，否则不能正常启动

 

last -x

runlevel (to lvl 3)  2.6.32-573.12.1. Sun Apr  9 17:34- 00:22 (1+06:48)

reboot   systemboot  2.6.32-573.12.1. Sun Apr  9 17:34 - 00:22 (1+06:48)

shutdown system down 2.6.32-573.12.1. Sun Apr  9 17:30- 17:34  (00:03)

runlevel (to lvl 6)  2.6.32-573.12.1. Sun Apr  9 17:30- 17:30  (00:00)

runlevel (to lvl 3)  2.6.32-573.12.1. Sun Apr  9 17:18- 17:30  (00:12)

reboot   systemboot  2.6.32-573.12.1. Sun Apr  9 17:18 - 17:30  (00:12)

shutdown system down 2.6.32-573.12.1. Sun Apr  9 17:15- 17:18  (00:03)

runlevel (to lvl 6)  2.6.32-573.12.1. Sun Apr  9 17:14- 17:15  (00:00)

runlevel (to lvl 3)  2.6.32-573.12.1. Tue Apr  4 14:07- 00:22 (6+10:15)

reboot   systemboot  2.6.32-573.12.1. Tue Apr  4 14:07 - 00:22 (6+10:15)

shutdown system down 2.6.32-573.12.1. Tue Apr  4 14:03- 14:07  (00:03)

runlevel (to lvl 6)  2.6.32-573.12.1. Tue Apr  4 14:03- 14:03  (00:00)



 在centos 6里面，graceful shutdown是有从6到down 到boot再到3的过程的



You should see alternating runlevels 3 with either 0 or 6,such as

 3->6->3->6->0->3->6.  It doesn't have to be runlevel 3. For CM andMessaging,

 it's runlevel 4.  Check /etc/inittab to see the default.  However, when you see

 it alternate  default runlevels with 0's or 6's where0=shutdown and 6=reboot,

 this isgraceful.  If you see 2 3's in a row, itwas ungraceful.

 

EX: runlevel (to lvl 3)  2.6.18-164.15.1. Thu Feb 10 10:31 - 08:11 (400+20:39)

 EX: reboot   system boot 2.6.18-164.15.1. Thu Feb 10 10:31        (400+20:39)

 EX: shutdown systemdown  2.6.18-128.7.1.e Thu Feb 10 10:27 -08:11 (400+20:43)

 EX: runlevel (to lvl6)   2.6.18-128.7.1.e Thu Feb 10 10:27 -10:27  (00:00)

 

If you see something like this where you go from runlevel 3to a system boot,

 then you had anungraceful shutdown (3->3).

 

 EX: runlevel (to lvl3)   2.6.18-164.15.1. Thu Feb 10 10:31 -08:11 (400+20:39)

 EX: reboot   system boot 2.6.18-164.15.1. Thu Feb 10 10:31        (400+20:39)

 EX: runlevel (to lvl3)   2.6.18-128.7.1.e Thu Feb 10 10:27 -crash  (00:00)

  如果是从3 到3 就意味着，关机的时候，系统还没来得及识别到6，就已经断电了，就是Ungraceful shutdown。

 

[root@lyp ~]# last -x

root    pts/0       192.168.17.1     Tue Apr 11 14:57   still loggedin

runlevel (to lvl 5)   2.6.32-642.el6.x Tue Apr 1114:57 - 14:58  (00:00)

reboot   system boot  2.6.32-642.el6.x TueApr 11 14:57 - 14:58  (00:00)

lyp     pts/0       192.168.17.1     Tue Apr 11 14:53 - crash  (00:03)

runlevel (to lvl 5)   2.6.32-642.el6.x Tue Apr 1114:52 - 14:57  (00:04)

reboot   system boot  2.6.32-642.el6.x TueApr 11 14:52 - 14:58  (00:05)

shutdown system down  2.6.32-642.el6.x Tue Apr 11 14:52- 14:52  (00:00)

runlevel (to lvl 0)   2.6.32-642.el6.x Tue Apr 1114:52 - 14:52  (00:00)