1.2(学习笔记) JSP动作元素-CSDN博客

动作元素

jsp:useBean：根据指定类实例化一个对象，类似Preson per = new Preson();

<jsp:useBean id="对象名" class = "类" scope = "对象生命周期"></jsp:useBean>

jsp:setProperty：设置对象的属性的值，相当于setXXX()方法。

<jsp:setProperty name = "对象名" property = "属性名" value = "属性值"></jsp:setProperty>

jap:getProperty：获取对象的属性值，相当于getXXX()方法。

<jsp:getProperty name = "对象名" property = "属性名"></jsp:getProperty>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page import = "com.myclass.*" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
 
    <%
        Person per = new Person();//实例化对象
    
        per.setName("hcf");//设置值
        per.setSex("man");
        per.setAge(20);
        
        out.println(per.getName());//获取值
        out.println(per.getSex());
        out.println(per.getAge());
    %>
    
    <br>
    <!-- 实例化对象-->
    <jsp:useBean id="per1" class = "com.myclass.Person" scope = "session"></jsp:useBean>
    <!-- 设置值 -->
    <jsp:setProperty name = "per1" property = "name" value = "hcf1"></jsp:setProperty> 
    <jsp:setProperty name = "per1" property = "sex" value = "man"></jsp:setProperty>
    <jsp:setProperty name = "per1" property = "age" value = "21"></jsp:setProperty>
    <!-- 获取值-->
    <jsp:getProperty name = "per1" property = "name"></jsp:getProperty>
    <jsp:getProperty name = "per1" property = "sex"></jsp:getProperty>
    <jsp:getProperty name = "per1" property = "age"></jsp:getProperty>
    
</body>
</html>

<jsp:useBean>中的id属性为动作元素的唯一标识符

<jsp:userBean>中有一个属性scope代表对象的生命周期，

scope属性值所代表的生命周期从小到大依次为：

(a) page, (b)request, (c)session, 和 (d) application。

此处设置为session代表与session有同样的生命周期。

<jsp:setProperty>还有简便的设置

<jsp:setProperty name = "per1" property = "*"></jsp:setProperty>

这样设置代表，对象属性的值会按照表单元素的值进行自动填充，

其中表单元素的name属性的值要与对象属性的名称一致，如果名称不一致则无法填充。

下面看个例子

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page import = "com.myclass.*" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
 
    <%
        Person per = new Person();
    
        per.setName("hcf");
        per.setSex("man");
        per.setAge(20);
        
        out.println(per.getName());
        out.println(per.getSex());
        out.println(per.getAge());
    %>
    
    <br>
    <!--  -->
    <jsp:useBean id="per1" class = "com.myclass.Person" scope = "session"></jsp:useBean>
    
    
    <form action = "action.jsp">
        name:<input type = "text" name = "name"/><br>
        sex  :<input type = "text" name = "sex"/><br>
        <!-- 此处name属性的值与对象属性的名称不一致，故无法填充（a,age） -->
        age  :<input type = "text" name = "a"/><br> 
        <input type = "submit" value = "submit"/><br>
    </form>
    
    <!-- 表单name属性的值要和对象属性名一致 -->
    <jsp:setProperty name = "per1" property = "*"></jsp:setProperty>
    <jsp:getProperty name = "per1" property = "name"></jsp:getProperty>
    <jsp:getProperty name = "per1" property = "sex"></jsp:getProperty>
    <jsp:getProperty name = "per1" property = "age"></jsp:getProperty>
    
</body>
</html>

可以看到，name，sex都可以正常设置值，而age却设置失败。

这是因为表单中name属性的值是“a”不是“age”，所以per1.age的值无法自动填充。

表单name属性值与对象属性值相同的部分自动填充，不相同的不能填充。

jsp:forward

将请求转发到其他页面。

<jsp:forward page = "转发的页面" ></jsp:forward>

forward.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
　　<!-- 访问该页面是，将请求转发到menu.jsp页面-->
    <jsp:forward page = "menu.jsp" ></jsp:forward>
</body>
</html>

menu.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href = "">随笔  </a>
    <a href = "">文章  </a>
    <a href = "">日记  </a>
    <a href = "">评论  </a>
    <a href = "">...</a>
</body>
</html>

jsp:include

将静态或动态的文件包含进当前页面。

getDate.jsp

<%@page import="java.text.SimpleDateFormat"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page import = "java.util.*" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <%=(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh-mm-ss")).format(new Date())%>
</body>
</html>

include.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <jsp:include page= "getDate.jsp" ></jsp:include><br>
    this is my index
</body>
</html>

<%@ include%>指令和 <jsp:include>的区别

jsp:include翻译成Servlet是在_jspServlet方法中，请求后才将包含界面的处理结果包含进来。

<jsp:includ>生成的Servlet中对应代码：

而<%@ include%> 在静态代码块中

在编译时就将包含的界面和当前界面合并成一个Servelt。

我们把两种包含写在一个界面中看下生成的Servlet中对应的显示：

可以看到，<%inclue%>是在编译时将当前文件和被包含文件交织在一起，然后生成一个Servlet，

而<jsp:include>是在运行时才执行被包含界面，然后将响应结果包含进来。

下面来看一个小例子：

使用动作元素编写简易网页计算器的例子。

Calculator.java

public class Calculator {
    private double x;
    private double y;
    private String o;
    private double result;
    
    public double getX() {
        return x;
    }
    public void setX(double x) {
        this.x = x;
    }
    public String getO() {
        return o;
    }
    public void setO(String o) {
        this.o = o;
    }
    public double getY() {
        return y;
    }
    public void setY(double y) {
        this.y = y;
    }
    
    //获取resule值的时候进行计算
    public double getResult() {
        if("+".equals(o))
            result =  x+y;
        else if("-".equals(o))
            result = x-y;
        else if("*".equals(o))
            result = x*y;
        else if("/".equals(o))
            result = x/y;
        return result;
    }
    public void setResult(double result) {
        this.result = result;
    }
}

Calculator.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <jsp:useBean id = "cal" class = "com.myclass.Calculator" scope = "session"></jsp:useBean>
    <jsp:setProperty name = "cal" property = "*"/>
    <jsp:getProperty name = "cal" property = "x"/>
    <jsp:getProperty name = "cal" property = "o"/>
    <jsp:getProperty name = "cal" property = "y"/>=
    <!-- 计算放在getResult方法中 -->
    <jsp:getProperty name = "cal" property = "result"/>
    
    <form action = "calculator.jsp">
        x:<input type = "text" name = "x"/>
        <select name = "o">
            <option value = "+">+</option>
            <option value = "-">-</option>
            <option value = "*">*</option>
            <option value = "/">/</option>
        </select>
        y:<input type = "text" name = "y"/>
        <input type = "submit" value = "calculator"/>
    </form>
    
</body>
</html>