异常-----freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException问题解决

案例一

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1.1、错误描述

  1 五月 28, 2014 9:56:48 下午 freemarker.log.JDK14LoggerFactory$JDK14Logger error
  2 严重: Template processing error: "Expression student.course is undefined on line 15, column 24 in course.ftl."
  3 
  4 Expression student.course is undefined on line 15, column 24 in course.ftl.
  5 The problematic instruction:
  6 ----------
  7 ==> ${student.course} [on line 15, column 22 in course.ftl]
  8 ----------
  9 
 10 Java backtrace for programmers:
 11 ----------
 12 freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: Expression student.course is undefined on line 15, column 24 in course.ftl.
 13     at freemarker.core.TemplateObject.assertNonNull(TemplateObject.java:125)
 14     at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:118)
 15     at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:93)
 16     at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:76)
 17     at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
 18     at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:92)
 19     at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
 20     at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:199)
 21     at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:259)
 22     at com.you.freemarker.FreemarkerTemplate.printFtl(FreemarkerTemplate.java:77)
 23     at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.studentPrint(FreemarkerTest.java:141)
 24     at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.testCourse(FreemarkerTest.java:128)
 25     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
 26     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
 27     at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
 28     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
 29     at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
 30     at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
 31     at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
 32     at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
 33     at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
 34     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263)
 35     at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68)
 36     at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
 37     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
 38     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
 39     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
 40     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
 41     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
 42     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
 43     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
 44     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
 45     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
 46     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
 47     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
 48     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
 49 
 50 
 51 Expression student.course is undefined on line 15, column 24 in course.ftl.
 52 The problematic instruction:
 53 ----------
 54 ==> ${student.course} [on line 15, column 22 in course.ftl]
 55 ----------
 56 
 57 Java backtrace for programmers:
 58 ----------
 59 freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: Expression student.course is undefined on line 15, column 24 in course.ftl.
 60     at freemarker.core.TemplateObject.assertNonNull(TemplateObject.java:125)
 61     at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:118)
 62     at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:93)
 63     at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:76)
 64     at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
 65     at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:92)
 66     at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:221)
 67     at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:199)
 68     at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:259)
 69     at com.you.freemarker.FreemarkerTemplate.printFtl(FreemarkerTemplate.java:77)
 70     at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.studentPrint(FreemarkerTest.java:141)
 71     at com.you.test.freemarker.FreemarkerTest.testCourse(FreemarkerTest.java:128)
 72     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
 73     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
 74     at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
 75     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
 76     at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
 77     at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
 78     at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
 79     at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
 80     at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)