tomcat的部署及session绑定反代

Tomcat是由Apache软件基金会下属的Jakarta项目开发的一个Servlet容器，按照

Sun Microsystems提供的技术规范，实现了对Servlet和JavaServer Page（JSP）

的支持，并提供了作为Web服务器的一些特有功能，如Tomcat管理和控制平台、

安全局管理和Tomcat阀等。由于Tomcat本身也内含了一个HTTP服务器，它也可

以被视作一个单独的Web服务器。但是，不能将Tomcat和Apache Web服务器混

淆，Apache Web Server是一个用C语言实现的HTTP web server；这两个HTTP

web server不是捆绑在一起的。Apache Tomcat包含了一个配置管理工具，也可

以通过编辑XML格式的配置文件来进行配置。 摘自-wiki

规划
 apache + mod_jk / mod_proxy   172.16.43.1(salve1.king.com)
 jdk , tomcat                  172.16.43.2(salve2.king.com)
 jdk , tomcat                  172.16.43.3(salve2.king.com)

1 .基本配置 jdk , tomcat (slave2.king.com , slave3.king.com)

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i) 准备jdk , tomcat的bin包 jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm apache-tomcat-7.0.42. tar .gz # ii) 安装配置jdk rpm -ivh jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm vim  /etc/profile .d /java .sh export  JAVA_HOME= /usr/java/latest export  PATH=$JAVA_HOME /bin :$PATH # 退出编辑后重新执行该脚本导出环境变量 .  /etc/profile .d /java .sh java --version # 可以看到如下信息 [root@slave2 ~] # java -version java version  "1.7.0_09" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_09-b05) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.5-b02, mixed mode) # 最后利用javac编译helloworld确保成功 vim Hello.java public class Hello {    public static void main(String[] args) {      System.out.println( "Hello Wolrd" );    } } # 编译java代码 javac Hello.java # 运行java代码 , 注意这里是 类名 java Hello

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iii) 配置安装tomcat tar  xf apache-tomcat-7.0.42. tar .gz -C  /usr/local ln  -sv  /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7 .0.42  /usr/local/tomcat # vim  /etc/init .d /tomcat #!/bin/sh # Tomcat init script for Linux. # # chkconfig: 2345 96 14 # description: The Apache Tomcat servlet/JSP container. # JAVA_OPTS='-Xms64m -Xmx128m' JAVA_HOME= /usr/java/latest CATALINA_HOME= /usr/local/tomcat export  JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME # case  $1  in start)    exec  $CATALINA_HOME /bin/catalina .sh start ;; stop)    exec  $CATALINA_HOME /bin/catalina .sh stop;; restart)    $CATALINA_HOME /bin/catalina .sh stop    sleep  2    exec  $CATALINA_HOME /bin/catalina .sh start ;; *)    echo  "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop|restart}"    exit  1    ;; esac # # 编辑完毕后添加tomcat服务开机启动 chmod  +x  /etc/init .d /tomcat chkconfig --add tomcat chkconfig tomcat on service tomcat start

# 测试不改任何配置文件,tomcat默认监听在8080端口,直接访问

2. 反代配置 apache + mod_jk(ajp) / mod_proxy(ajp , http) + tomcat

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i) 准备apache , tomcat-connectors(mod_jk)的源码包 (salve1.king.com) # mod_proxy是apache的原生模块 httpd-2.4.9. tar .bz2 tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src. tar .gz

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ii) 安装配置apache基于mod_jk(ajp协议)的反向代理 (salve1.king.com) 编译需要依赖 pcre-devel-7.8-6.el6.bz2  apr-1.5.0.bz2  apr-util-1.5.3.bz2 按需进行依次编译安装 tar  xf pcre-devel-7.8-6.el6.bz2 cd  pcre-devel-7.8-6 . /configure  --prefix= /usr/local/pcre make  &&  make  install # tar  xf apr-1.5.0. tar .bz2 cd  apr-1.5.0 . /configure  --prefix= /usr/local/apr make  &&  make  install # tar  xf apr-util-1.5.3. tar .bz2 cd  apr-util-1.5.3 . /configure  --prefix= /usr/local/apr-util  --with-apr= /usr/local/apr make  &&  make  install # # 安装之前请确保系统之前预装的httpd已被卸载 rpm -e httpd --nodeps tar  xf httpd-2.4.9. tar .bz2 cd  httpd-2.4.9 . /configure  --prefix= /usr/local/apache  --sysconfdir= /etc/httpd  -- enable -so -- enable -ssl -- enable -cgi -- enable -rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr= /usr/local/apr  --with-apr-util= /usr/local/apr-util  -- enable -mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event -- enable -proxy -- enable -proxy-http -- enable -proxy-ajp -- enable -proxy-balancer  -- enable -lbmethod-heartbeat -- enable -heartbeat -- enable -slotmem-shm  -- enable -slotmem-plain -- enable -watchdog make  &&  make  install # # 编辑/etc/httpd/httpd.conf，添加如下行即可： PidFile   "/var/run/httpd.pid"  # 32行 # 将如下模块启动,否则无法启动httpd LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules /mod_slotmem_shm .so  #128 # # 启动脚本如下 vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd #!/bin/bash # # httpd        Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: The Apache HTTP Server is an efficient and extensible  \ #          server implementing the current HTTP standards. # processname: httpd # config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf # config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd # pidfile: /var/run/httpd/httpd.pid # .  /etc/rc .d /init .d /functions if  [ -f  /etc/sysconfig/httpd  ];  then          .  /etc/sysconfig/httpd fi HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG- "C" } INITLOG_ARGS= "" apachectl= /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl    # 修改apachectl路径 httpd= /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd       # 修改httpd bin路径 prog=httpd pidfile=${PIDFILE- /var/run/httpd .pid} lockfile=${LOCKFILE- /var/lock/subsys/httpd } RETVAL=0 STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10} start() {          echo  -n $ "Starting $prog: "          LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS          RETVAL=$?          echo          [ $RETVAL = 0 ] &&  touch  ${lockfile}          return  $RETVAL } stop() {      echo  -n $ "Stopping $prog: "      killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd      RETVAL=$?      echo      [ $RETVAL = 0 ] &&  rm  -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile} } reload() {      echo  -n $ "Reloading $prog: "      if  ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >& /dev/null ;  then          RETVAL=6          echo  $ "not reloading due to configuration syntax error"          failure $ "not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"      else          # Force LSB behaviour from killproc          LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP          RETVAL=$?          if  [ $RETVAL - eq  7 ];  then              failure $ "httpd shutdown"          fi      fi      echo } # See how we were called. case  "$1"  in    start)      start      ;;    stop)      stop      ;;    status)          status -p ${pidfile} $httpd      RETVAL=$?      ;;    restart)      stop      start      ;;    condrestart|try-restart)      if  status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >& /dev/null ;  then          stop          start      fi      ;;    force-reload|reload)          reload      ;;    graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)      $apachectl $@      RETVAL=$?      ;;    *)      echo  $ "Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"      RETVAL=2 esac exit  $RETVAL # # 而后为此脚本赋予执行权限： chmod  +x  /etc/rc .d /init .d /httpd # # 加入服务列表： chkconfig --add httpd # # mod_jk安装配置 tar  xf tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src. tar .gz cd  tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src /native/ . /configure  --with-apxs= /usr/local/apache/bin/apxs make  &&  make  install # # 启动httpd service httpd start

# httpd安装好后需要观察如下模块是否已经就绪

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iii) mod_jk(ajp协议)反代tomcat示例 (slave1.king.com) vim  /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-jk .conf # Load the mod_jk LoadModule  jk_module  modules /mod_jk .so JkWorkersFile   /etc/httpd/extra/workers .properties JkLogFile  logs /mod_jk .log JkLogLevel  debug JkMount  /*  tomcat1 JkMount   /status/   stat1 # vim  /etc/httpd/extra/workers .properties worker.list=tomcat1,stat1 worker.tomcat1.port=8009 worker.tomcat1.host=172.16.43.2 worker.tomcat1. type =ajp13 worker.tomcat1.lbfactor=1 worker.stat1. type  = status # vim  /etc/httpd/httpd .conf DirectoryIndex index.jsp   # 249行 Include  /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-jk .conf  # 446行 # vim  /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server .xml (slave2.king.com , slave3.king.com) <Engine name= "Catalina"  defaultHost= "localhost"  jvmRoute= "tomcat1" >   # 103行 # 两个节点分别重启 httpd , tomcat 服务

# 测试, 此时基本的反代及status页面已经可以访问

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iv) mod_proxy(http协议 , ajp协议)反代tomcat示例 (salve1.king.com) # 在httpd.conf的全局配置段(Directory)或虚拟主机(VirtualHost)中添加如下内容： ProxyVia Off ProxyRequests Off ProxyPreserveHost Off <Proxy *>    Require all granted < /Proxy >    ProxyPass  /  ajp: //172 .16.43.2:8009/    ProxyPassReverse  /  ajp: //172 .16.43.2:8009/ <Location  / >    Require all granted < /Location > # # apache跟Tomcat的http连接器进行整合： ProxyVia Off ProxyRequests Off ProxyPass / http: //172 .16.100.2:8080/ ProxyPassReverse / http: //172 .16.100.2:8080/ <Proxy *>    Require all granted < /Proxy > <Location  / >    Require all granted < /Location > # # 基于session绑定均衡反代 ProxyRequests Off <proxy balancer: //lbcluster > BalancerMember ajp: //172 .16.100.1:8009 loadfactor=10 route=tomcat1 BalancerMember ajp: //172 .16.100.2:8009 loadfactor=10 route=tomcat2 < /proxy > # <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.king.com ProxyPass / balancer: //lbcluster/  stickysession=JSESSIONID ProxyPassReverse / balancer: //lbcluster/ < /VirtualHost > # # 为tomcat建立新的webapp用于测试 (slave2.king.com , slave3.king.com) vim  /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server .xml <Context path= "/testsession"  docBase= "/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/testsession"  />  # 140行 # # 测试页面 (slave2.king.com) <%@ page language= "java"  %> <html>    < head ><title>tomcat1< /title >< /head >    <body>      <h1><font color= "red" >tomcat1.king.com< /font >< /h1 >      <table align= "centre"  border= "1" >        < tr >          <td>Session ID< /td >      <% session.setAttribute( "king.com" , "king.com" ); %>          <td><%= session.getId() %>< /td >        < /tr >        < tr >          <td>Created on< /td >          <td><%= session.getCreationTime() %>< /td >       < /tr >      < /table >    < /body > < /html > # # 测试页面 (salve3,king.com) <%@ page language= "java"  %> <html>    < head ><title>tomcat2< /title >< /head >    <body>      <h1><font color= "red" >tomcat2.king.com< /font >< /h1 >      <table align= "centre"  border= "1" >        < tr >          <td>Session ID< /td >      <% session.setAttribute( "king.com" , "king.com" ); %>          <td><%= session.getId() %>< /td >        < /tr >        < tr >          <td>Created on< /td >          <td><%= session.getCreationTime() %>< /td >       < /tr >      < /table >    < /body > < /html >

# 测试, 使用不同浏览器将访问落在不同节点上,反复刷新不变则证明sticksession成功

     本文转自My_King1 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/apprentice/1409339，如需转载请自行联系原作者