Keepalived基础功能应用实例:

    1.Keepalived基础HA功能演示:

            在默认情况下,Keepalived可以实现对系统死机、网络异常及Keepalived本身进行监控,也就是说当系统出现死机、网络出现故障或Keepalived进程异常时,Keepalived会进行主备节点的切换。但这些还是不够的,因为集群中运行的服务也随时可能出现问题,因此,还需要对集群中运行服务的状态进行监控,当服务出现问题时也进行主备切换。Keepalived作为一个优秀的高可用集群软件,也考虑到了这一点,它提供了一个vrrp_script模块专门用来对集群中服务资源进行监控。

         1. 配置Keepalived:

                        操作系统:CentOS release 6.7   版本:keepalived-1.2.12

                            主机名主机IP地址集群角色集群服务虚拟IP地址

                      keepalived-master  10.0.0.35            MASTER(主节点)          HTTPD        10.0.0.40

                      keepalived-backup10.0.0.36           BACKUP(备用节点)         HTTPD

                keepalived-master节点的keepalived.conf文件的内容:                 

                        ! Configuration File for keepalived

                        

                        global_defs {

                            notification_email {

                                *********@qq.com

                           }

                            notification_email_from *********@163.com

                            smtp_server smtp.163.com

                            smtp_connect_timeout 30

                            router_id LVS_DEVEL

                        }

                        

                        vrrp_script check_httpd {

                            script "killall -0 httpd"

                            interval 2

                            }

                        

                        vrrp_instance HA_1 {

                            state MASTER

                            interface eth0

                            virtual_router_id 80

                            priority 100

                            advert_int 2

                            authentication {

                                auth_type PASS

                                auth_pass qwaszx

                            }

                             notify_master "/etc/keepalived/master.sh"

                                notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/backup.sh"

                                notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/fault.sh"

                            

                                track_script {

                                    check_httpd

                                }

                            

                                virtual_ipaddress {

                                    10.0.0.40/24 dev eth0

                                }

                            }

                            master.sh文件内容为:                                

                                    #!/bin/bash

                                    LOGFILE=/var/log/keepalived-mysql-state.log

                                    echo "[Master]" >> $LOGFILE

                                    date >> $LOGFILE

                            backup.sh文件内容为:

                                    #!/bin/bash

                                    LOGFILE=/var/log/keepalived-mysql-state.log

                                    echo "[Backup]" >> $LOGFILE

                                    date >> $LOGFILE

                            fault.sh文件内容为:

                                    #!/bin/bash

                                    LOGFILE=/var/log/keepalived-mysql-state.log

                                    echo "[Fault]" >> $LOGFILE

                                    date >> $LOGFILE

                    keepalived-backup节点上的keepalived.conf配置文件内容与keepalived-master节点上的基本相同,需要修改的地方有两个:

                            □ 将“state MASTER” 更改为 “state BACKUP”。

                            ■ 将priority 100 更改为一个较小的值,这里改为“priority 80”


            2.Keepalived启动过程分析:

                    keepalived-master节点启动keepalived服务,操作如下:

                            [root@keepalived-master ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start 

                            [root@keepalived-master ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start

                    keepalived-backup节点启动keepalived服务,操作如下:

                            [root@keepalived-backup ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start

                            [root@keepalived-backup ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start

            3.keepalived的故障切换过程分析:

                    在keepalived-master节点出现故障后,备用节点keepalived-backup立刻检测到,此时备用机变成MASTER角色,并且接管了keepalived-master主机的虚拟IP资源,最后将虚拟IP绑定在eth0设备上。

            4.故障恢复切换分析:

                    keepalived-master节点通过vrrp_script模块检测到httpd服务已经恢复正常,然后自动切换到MASTER状态,同时也夺回了集群资源,将虚拟IP地址再次绑定在eth0设备上。

                    纵观Keepalived的整个运行过程和切换过程,看似合理,事实上并非如此:在一个高负载、高并发、追求稳定的业务系统中,执行一次主、备切换对业务系统影响很大,因此,不到万不得已,尽量不要进行主、备角色的切换,也就是说,在主节点发生故障后,必须切换到备用节点,而在主节点故障恢复后,不希望再次切回主节点,直到备用节点发生故障时才进行切换,这就是前面介绍的不抢占功能,可以通过Keepalived的nopreempt选项来实现。

                    配置:

                            master:

                                    ! Configuration File for keepalived

                                    

                                    global_defs {

                                        notification_email {

                                            **********@qq.com

                                       }

                                        notification_email_from *******@163.com

                                        smtp_server smtp.163.com

                                        smtp_connect_timeout 30

                                        router_id LVS_DEVEL

                                    }

                                    

                                    vrrp_script check_httpd {

                                        script "killall -0 httpd"

                                        interval 2

                                        }

                                    

                                    vrrp_instance HA_1 {

                                        state BACKUP

                                        interface eth0

                                        virtual_router_id 80

                                        priority 100

                                        nopreempt

                                        advert_int 2

                                        authentication {

                                            auth_type PASS

                                            auth_pass qwaszx

                                        }

                                    

                                        notify_master "/etc/keepalived/master.sh"

                                        notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/backup.sh"

                                        notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/fault.sh"

                                    

                                        track_script {

                                            check_httpd

                                        }

                                    

                                        virtual_ipaddress {

                                            10.0.0.40/24 dev eth0

                                        }

                                    }

                            backup:

                                    ! Configuration File for keepalived

                                    

                                    global_defs {

                                        notification_email {

                                            ********@qq.com

                                       }

                                        notification_email_from *******@163.com

                                        smtp_server smtp.163.com

                                        smtp_connect_timeout 30

                                        router_id LVS_DEVEL

                                    }

                                    

                                    vrrp_script check_httpd {

                                        script "killall -0 httpd"

                                        interval 2

                                        }

                                    

                                    vrrp_instance HA_1 {

                                        state BACKUP

                                        interface eth0

                                        virtual_router_id 80

                                        priority 80

                                        #nopreempt

                                        advert_int 2

                                        authentication {

                                            auth_type PASS

                                            auth_pass qwaszx

                                        }

                                        notify_master "/etc/keepalived/master.sh"

                                        notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/backup.sh"

                                        notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/fault.sh"

                                    

                                        track_script {

                                            check_httpd

                                        }

                                    

                                        virtual_ipaddress {

                                            10.0.0.40/24 dev eth0

                                        }

                                    }