本文介绍在CentOS 8/RHEL 8 Linux服务器/工作站操作系统上安装MySQL 5.7数据库的方法。CentOS/RHEL 8 AppStream存储库仅包含MySQL 8.0软件包,并非所有的应用程序都支持MySQL 8,例如Jira需要MySQL 5.7及以下版本,本文就教大家在CentOS 8/RHEL 8系统上运行MySQL 5.7数据库。
步骤1:添加MySQL存储库
禁用MySQL默认的AppStream存储库:
sudo dnf remove @mysql
sudo dnf module reset mysql && sudo dnf module disable mysql
EL 8没有MySQL存储库,因此我们将改用EL 7存储库,创建一个新的存储库文件:
sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
将以下数据粘贴到文件中:
[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[mysql-connectors-community]
name=MySQL Connectors Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[mysql-tools-community]
name=MySQL Tools Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
步骤2:在CentOS 8/RHEL 8上安装MySQL 5.7
添加存储库后,现在使用以下命令在CentOS 8/RHEL 8上安装MySQL 5.7:
sudo dnf --enablerepo=mysql57-community install mysql-community-server
按y开始安装:
检查软件包的详细信息,以确认它是5.7:
$ rpm -qi mysql-community-server
Name: mysql-community-server
Version: 5.7.28
Release: 1.el7
Architecture: x86_64
步骤3:在CentOS 8/RHEL 8上配置MySQL 5.7
1、安装后,启动mysqld服务:
sudo systemctl enable --now mysqld.service
2、复制为root用户生成的随机密码:
grep 'A temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log |tail -1
注意打印的密码:
2020-01-06T18:06:19.947403Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: AS*5Rx%YY5+c
3、启动MySQL安全安装以更改root密码、禁止远程root登录、删除匿名用户并删除测试数据库:
$ sudo mysql_secure_installation
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Enter password for user root:
使用生成的临时密码进行身份验证,这将要求为root用户设置新密码,如下:
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Yes
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Estimated strength of the password: 100
Do you wish to continue with the password provided?: Yes
Remove anonymous users?: Yes
Success.
Disallow root login remotely? : Yes
Success.
Remove test database and access to it? : Yes
- Dropping test database...
Success.
- Removing privileges on test database...
Success.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes) : Yes
Success.
All done!
可以使用在线密码生成器来获取复杂的密码。
4、以root用户身份连接到MySQL数据库并创建一个测试数据库:
$ mysql -u root -p
5、创建测试数据库和用户:
mysql> CREATE DATABASE test_db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> CREATE USER 'test_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY "Strong34S;#";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON test_db.* TO 'test_user'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
可以通过运行以下命令删除该测试数据库和用户:
mysql> DROP DATABASE test_db;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
mysql> DROP USER 'test_user'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> show databases;
步骤4:配置防火墙(仅适用于远程连接)
要允许远程连接,请在防火墙上允许3306端口:
sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=mysql --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
还可以限制来自受信任网络的访问:
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule 'rule family="ipv4" \
service name="mysql" source address="10.10.10.0/24" accept'
至此,配置防火墙的操作完成。
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