前言:
上一篇随笔中网友 skyaspnet 问我如何压缩HTML,当时回答是推荐他使用gzip,后来想想,要是能把所有的html,jsp(aspx)在运行前都压缩成1行未免不是一件好事啊。一般我们启动gzip都比较少对html启动gzip,因为现在的html都是动态的,不会使用浏览器缓存,而启用gzip的话每次请求都需要压缩,会比较消耗服务器资源,对js,css启动gzip比较好是因为js,css都会使用缓存。我个人觉得的压缩html的最大好处就是一本万利,只要写好了一次,以后所有程序都可以使用,不会增加任何额外的开发工作。
在“JS、CSS的合并、压缩、缓存管理”一文中说到自己写过的1个自动合并、压缩JS,CSS,并添加版本号的组件。这次把压缩html的功能也加入到该组件中,流程很简单,就是在程序启动(contextInitialized or Application_Start)的时候扫描所有html,jsp(aspx)进行压缩。
压缩的注意事项:
实现的方式主要是用正则表达式去查找,替换。在html压缩的时候,主要要注意下面几点:
1. pre,textarea 标签里面的内容格式需要保留,不能压缩。
2. 去掉html注释的时候,有些注释是不能去掉的,比如:<!--[if IE 6]> ..... <![endif]-->
3. 压缩嵌入式js中的注释要注意,因为可能注释符号会出现在字符串中,比如: var url = "http://www.cnblogs.com"; // 前面的//不是注释
去掉JS换行符的时候,不能直接跟一下行动内容,需要有空格,考虑下面的代码:
else
return;
如果不带空格,则变成elsereturn。
4. jsp(aspx) 中很有可能会使用<% %>嵌入一些服务器代码,这个时候也需要单独处理,里面注释的处理方法跟js的一样。
源代码:
下面是java实现的源代码,也可以 猛击此处 下载该代码,相信大家都看的懂,也很容易改成net代码:
- import java.io.StringReader;
- import java.io.StringWriter;
- import java.util.*;
- import java.util.regex.*;
- /*******************************************
- * 压缩jsp,html中的代码,去掉所有空白符、换行符
- * @author bearrui(ak-47)
- * @version 0.1
- * @date 2010-5-13
- *******************************************/
- public class HtmlCompressor {
- private static String tempPreBlock = "%%%HTMLCOMPRESS~PRE&&&";
- private static String tempTextAreaBlock = "%%%HTMLCOMPRESS~TEXTAREA&&&";
- private static String tempScriptBlock = "%%%HTMLCOMPRESS~SCRIPT&&&";
- private static String tempStyleBlock = "%%%HTMLCOMPRESS~STYLE&&&";
- private static String tempJspBlock = "%%%HTMLCOMPRESS~JSP&&&";
- private static Pattern commentPattern = Pattern.compile("<!--\\s*[^\\[].*?-->", Pattern.DOTALL | Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE);
- private static Pattern itsPattern = Pattern.compile(">\\s+?<", Pattern.DOTALL | Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE);
- private static Pattern prePattern = Pattern.compile("<pre[^>]*?>.*?</pre>", Pattern.DOTALL | Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE);
- private static Pattern taPattern = Pattern.compile("<textarea[^>]*?>.*?</textarea>", Pattern.DOTALL | Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE);
- private static Pattern jspPattern = Pattern.compile("<%([^-@][\\w\\W]*?)%>", Pattern.DOTALL | Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE);
- // <script></script>
- private static Pattern scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("(?:<script\\s*>|<script type=['\"]text/javascript['\"]\\s*>)(.*?)</script>", Pattern.DOTALL | Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE);
- private static Pattern stylePattern = Pattern.compile("<style[^>()]*?>(.+)</style>", Pattern.DOTALL | Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE);
- // 单行注释,
- private static Pattern signleCommentPattern = Pattern.compile("//.*");
- // 字符串匹配
- private static Pattern stringPattern = Pattern.compile("(\"[^\"\\n]*?\"|'[^'\\n]*?')");
- // trim去空格和换行符
- private static Pattern trimPattern = Pattern.compile("\\n\\s*",Pattern.MULTILINE);
- private static Pattern trimPattern2 = Pattern.compile("\\s*\\r",Pattern.MULTILINE);
- // 多行注释
- private static Pattern multiCommentPattern = Pattern.compile("/\\*.*?\\*/", Pattern.DOTALL | Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE);
- private static String tempSingleCommentBlock = "%%%HTMLCOMPRESS~SINGLECOMMENT&&&"; // //占位符
- private static String tempMulitCommentBlock1 = "%%%HTMLCOMPRESS~MULITCOMMENT1&&&"; // /*占位符
- private static String tempMulitCommentBlock2 = "%%%HTMLCOMPRESS~MULITCOMMENT2&&&"; // */占位符
- public static String compress(String html) throws Exception {
- if(html == null || html.length() == 0) {
- return html;
- }
- List<String> preBlocks = new ArrayList<String>();
- List<String> taBlocks = new ArrayList<String>();
- List<String> scriptBlocks = new ArrayList<String>();
- List<String> styleBlocks = new ArrayList<String>();
- List<String> jspBlocks = new ArrayList<String>();
- String result = html;
- //preserve inline java code
- Matcher jspMatcher = jspPattern.matcher(result);
- while(jspMatcher.find()) {
- jspBlocks.add(jspMatcher.group(0));
- }
- result = jspMatcher.replaceAll(tempJspBlock);
- //preserve PRE tags
- Matcher preMatcher = prePattern.matcher(result);
- while(preMatcher.find()) {
- preBlocks.add(preMatcher.group(0));
- }
- result = preMatcher.replaceAll(tempPreBlock);
- //preserve TEXTAREA tags
- Matcher taMatcher = taPattern.matcher(result);
- while(taMatcher.find()) {
- taBlocks.add(taMatcher.group(0));
- }
- result = taMatcher.replaceAll(tempTextAreaBlock);
- //preserve SCRIPT tags
- Matcher scriptMatcher = scriptPattern.matcher(result);
- while(scriptMatcher.find()) {
- scriptBlocks.add(scriptMatcher.group(0));
- }
- result = scriptMatcher.replaceAll(tempScriptBlock);
- // don't process inline css
- Matcher styleMatcher = stylePattern.matcher(result);
- while(styleMatcher.find()) {
- styleBlocks.add(styleMatcher.group(0));
- }
- result = styleMatcher.replaceAll(tempStyleBlock);
- //process pure html
- result = processHtml(result);
- //process preserved blocks
- result = processPreBlocks(result, preBlocks);
- result = processTextareaBlocks(result, taBlocks);
- result = processScriptBlocks(result, scriptBlocks);
- result = processStyleBlocks(result, styleBlocks);
- result = processJspBlocks(result, jspBlocks);
- preBlocks = taBlocks = scriptBlocks = styleBlocks = jspBlocks = null;
- return result.trim();
- }
- private static String processHtml(String html) {
- String result = html;
- //remove comments
- // if(removeComments) {
- result = commentPattern.matcher(result).replaceAll("");
- // }
- //remove inter-tag spaces
- // if(removeIntertagSpaces) {
- result = itsPattern.matcher(result).replaceAll("><");
- // }
- //remove multi whitespace characters
- // if(removeMultiSpaces) {
- result = result.replaceAll("\\s{2,}"," ");
- // }
- return result;
- }
- private static String processJspBlocks(String html, List<String> blocks){
- String result = html;
- for(int i = 0; i < blocks.size(); i++) {
- blocks.set(i, compressJsp(blocks.get(i)));
- }
- //put preserved blocks back
- while(result.contains(tempJspBlock)) {
- result = result.replaceFirst(tempJspBlock, Matcher.quoteReplacement(blocks.remove(0)));
- }
- return result;
- }
- private static String processPreBlocks(String html, List<String> blocks) throws Exception {
- String result = html;
- //put preserved blocks back
- while(result.contains(tempPreBlock)) {
- result = result.replaceFirst(tempPreBlock, Matcher.quoteReplacement(blocks.remove(0)));
- }
- return result;
- }
- private static String processTextareaBlocks(String html, List<String> blocks) throws Exception {
- String result = html;
- //put preserved blocks back
- while(result.contains(tempTextAreaBlock)) {
- result = result.replaceFirst(tempTextAreaBlock, Matcher.quoteReplacement(blocks.remove(0)));
- }
- return result;
- }
- private static String processScriptBlocks(String html, List<String> blocks) throws Exception {
- String result = html;
- // if(compressJavaScript) {
- for(int i = 0; i < blocks.size(); i++) {
- blocks.set(i, compressJavaScript(blocks.get(i)));
- }
- // }
- //put preserved blocks back
- while(result.contains(tempScriptBlock)) {
- result = result.replaceFirst(tempScriptBlock, Matcher.quoteReplacement(blocks.remove(0)));
- }
- return result;
- }
- private static String processStyleBlocks(String html, List<String> blocks) throws Exception {
- String result = html;
- // if(compressCss) {
- for(int i = 0; i < blocks.size(); i++) {
- blocks.set(i, compressCssStyles(blocks.get(i)));
- }
- // }
- //put preserved blocks back
- while(result.contains(tempStyleBlock)) {
- result = result.replaceFirst(tempStyleBlock, Matcher.quoteReplacement(blocks.remove(0)));
- }
- return result;
- }
- private static String compressJsp(String source) {
- //check if block is not empty
- Matcher jspMatcher = jspPattern.matcher(source);
- if(jspMatcher.find()) {
- String result = compressJspJs(jspMatcher.group(1));
- return (new StringBuilder(source.substring(0, jspMatcher.start(1))).append(result).append(source.substring(jspMatcher.end(1)))).toString();
- } else {
- return source;
- }
- }
- private static String compressJavaScript(String source) {
- //check if block is not empty
- Matcher scriptMatcher = scriptPattern.matcher(source);
- if(scriptMatcher.find()) {
- String result = compressJspJs(scriptMatcher.group(1));
- return (new StringBuilder(source.substring(0, scriptMatcher.start(1))).append(result).append(source.substring(scriptMatcher.end(1)))).toString();
- } else {
- return source;
- }
- }
- private static String compressCssStyles(String source) {
- //check if block is not empty
- Matcher styleMatcher = stylePattern.matcher(source);
- if(styleMatcher.find()) {
- // 去掉注释,换行
- String result= multiCommentPattern.matcher(styleMatcher.group(1)).replaceAll("");
- result = trimPattern.matcher(result).replaceAll("");
- result = trimPattern2.matcher(result).replaceAll("");
- return (new StringBuilder(source.substring(0, styleMatcher.start(1))).append(result).append(source.substring(styleMatcher.end(1)))).toString();
- } else {
- return source;
- }
- }
- private static String compressJspJs(String source){
- String result = source;
- // 因注释符合有可能出现在字符串中,所以要先把字符串中的特殊符好去掉
- Matcher stringMatcher = stringPattern.matcher(result);
- while(stringMatcher.find()){
- String tmpStr = stringMatcher.group(0);
- if(tmpStr.indexOf("//") != -1 || tmpStr.indexOf("/*") != -1 || tmpStr.indexOf("*/") != -1){
- String blockStr = tmpStr.replaceAll("//", tempSingleCommentBlock).replaceAll("/\\*", tempMulitCommentBlock1)
- .replaceAll("\\*/", tempMulitCommentBlock2);
- result = result.replace(tmpStr, blockStr);
- }
- }
- // 去掉注释
- result = signleCommentPattern.matcher(result).replaceAll("");
- result = multiCommentPattern.matcher(result).replaceAll("");
- result = trimPattern2.matcher(result).replaceAll("");
- result = trimPattern.matcher(result).replaceAll(" ");
- // 恢复替换掉的字符串
- result = result.replaceAll(tempSingleCommentBlock, "//").replaceAll(tempMulitCommentBlock1, "/*")
- .replaceAll(tempMulitCommentBlock2, "*/");
- return result;
- }
- }
使用注意事项:
使用了上面方法后,再运行程序,是不是发现每个页面查看源代码的时候都变成1行啦,还不错吧,但是在使用的时候还是要注意一些问题:
1. 嵌入js本来想调用yuicompressor来压缩,yuicompressor压缩JS前,会先编译js是否合法,因我们嵌入的js中可能很多会用到一些服务器端代码,比如 var now = <%=DateTime.now %> ,这样的代码会编译不通过,所以无法使用yuicompressor。
最后只能自己写压缩JS代码,自己写的比较粗燥,所以有个问题还解决,就是如果开发人员在一句js代码后面没有加分号的话,压缩成1行就很有可能出问题。所以使用这个需要保证每条语句结束后都必须带分号。
2. 因为是在程序启动的时候压缩所有jsp(aspx),所以如果是用户请求的时候动态产生的html就无法压缩。
有需要请查看: 高性能WEB开发系列
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/visionsky/727769