Tomcat关闭命令（Linux下，大部分生产环境都是部署在Linux系统下)：
sh shutdown.sh
执行这个命令之后，tomcat会为我们做了哪些操作呢？下面就来简单分析下。
shutdown.sh代码清单如下：
# Better OS/400 detection: see Bugzilla 31132
os400=false
case "`uname`" in
OS400*) os400=true;;
esac
# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
PRG="$0"
while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
PRG="$link"
else
PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
fi
done
PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`
EXECUTABLE=catalina.sh
# Check that target executable exists
if $os400; then
# -x will Only work on the os400 if the files are:
# 1. owned by the user
# 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user
# this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups
eval
else
if [ ! -x "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" ]; then
echo "Cannot find $PRGDIR/$EXECUTABLE"
echo "The file is absent or does not have execute permission"
echo "This file is needed to run this program"
exit 1
fi
fi
exec "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" stop "$@"
从上面的代码可以看出来，这里和启动文件是一样的，也有主要的两个变量：
PRGDIR：当前shell脚本所在的路径；
EXECUTABLE：脚本catalina.sh
从最后一行代码可以知道，执行catalina.sh，并传递参数：stop
catalina.sh 与之相关的代码清单如下：
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ] ; then
shift
SLEEP=5
if [ ! -z "$1" ]; then
echo $1 | grep "[^0-9]" >/dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
SLEEP=$1
shift
fi
fi
FORCE=0
if [ "$1" = "-force" ]; then
shift
FORCE=1
fi
if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
if [ -s "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
kill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
echo "PID file found but no matching process was found. Stop aborted."
exit 1
fi
else
echo "PID file is empty and has been ignored."
fi
else
echo "\$CATALINA_PID was set but the specified file does not exist. Is Tomcat running? Stop aborted."
exit 1
fi
fi
eval "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS \
-Djava.endorsed.dirs="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
-Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
-Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
-Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" stop
最终使用java命令执行了org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap类中的main方法，参数是stop。
public static void main(String args[]) {
if (daemon == null) {
// Don't set daemon until init() has completed
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
try {
bootstrap.init();
} catch (Throwable t) {
handleThrowable(t);
t.printStackTrace();
return;
}
daemon = bootstrap;
} else {
// When running as a service the call to stop will be on a new
// thread so make sure the correct class loader is used to prevent
// a range of class not found exceptions.
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(daemon.catalinaLoader);
}
try {
String command = "start";
if (args.length > 0) {
command = args[args.length - 1];
}
if (command.equals("startd")) {
args[args.length - 1] = "start";
daemon.load(args);
daemon.start();
} else if (command.equals("stopd")) {
args[args.length - 1] = "stop";
daemon.stop();
} else if (command.equals("start")) {
daemon.setAwait(true);
daemon.load(args);
daemon.start();
} else if (command.equals("stop")) {
daemon.stopServer(args);
} else if (command.equals("configtest")) {
daemon.load(args);
if (null==daemon.getServer()) {
System.exit(1);
}
System.exit(0);
} else {
log.warn("Bootstrap: command \"" + command + "\" does not exist.");
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
// Unwrap the Exception for clearer error reporting
if (t instanceof InvocationTargetException &&
t.getCause() != null) {
t = t.getCause();
}
handleThrowable(t);
t.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
}
当传递参数stop的时候，command等于stop，此时main方法的执行步骤如下：
-
初始化Bootstrap（启动的时候已经介绍过就不在介绍）
-
停止服务
通过调用Bootstrap的stopServer方法停止Tomcat，其实质是用反射调用catalinaDaemon（类型是Catalina）的stopServer方法。
/** * Stop the standalone server. */ public void stopServer(String[] arguments) throws Exception { Object param[]; Class<?> paramTypes[]; if (arguments==null || arguments.length==0) { paramTypes = null; param = null; } else { paramTypes = new Class[1]; paramTypes[0] = arguments.getClass(); param = new Object[1]; param[0] = arguments; } Method method = catalinaDaemon.getClass().getMethod("stopServer", paramTypes);//反射调用catalinaDaemon（类型是Catalina）的stopServer方法 method.invoke(catalinaDaemon, param); }Catalina的stopServer方法的执行步骤如下：
代码清单：
public void stopServer() { stopServer(null); } public void stopServer(String[] arguments) { if (arguments != null) { arguments(arguments); } Server s = getServer(); if( s == null ) {//服务不存在 // Create and execute our Digester Digester digester = createStopDigester();//Digester解析server.xml文件，以构造出Server容器 File file = configFile(); FileInputStream fis = null; try { InputSource is = new InputSource(file.toURI().toURL().toString()); fis = new FileInputStream(file); is.setByteStream(fis); digester.push(this); digester.parse(is); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("Catalina.stop: ", e); System.exit(1); } finally { if (fis != null) { try { fis.close(); } catch (IOException e) { // Ignore } } } } else { // Server object already present. Must be running as a service try { s.stop(); } catch (LifecycleException e) { log.error("Catalina.stop: ", e); } return; } // Stop the existing server s = getServer(); if (s.getPort()>0) { Socket socket = null; OutputStream stream = null; try { socket = new Socket(s.getAddress(), s.getPort());//创建Socket对象连接启动Tomcat时创建的ServerSocket stream = socket.getOutputStream(); String shutdown = s.getShutdown(); for (int i = 0; i < shutdown.length(); i++) { stream.write(shutdown.charAt(i));//发送shutdown命令 } stream.flush(); } catch (ConnectException ce) { log.error(sm.getString("catalina.stopServer.connectException", s.getAddress(), String.valueOf(s.getPort()))); log.error("Catalina.stop: ", ce); System.exit(1); } catch (IOException e) { log.error("Catalina.stop: ", e); System.exit(1); } finally { if (stream != null) { try { stream.close(); } catch (IOException e) { // Ignore } } if (socket != null) { try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { // Ignore } } } } else { log.error(sm.getString("catalina.stopServer")); System.exit(1); } }
创建Digester解析server.xml文件（此处只解析标签），以构造出Server容器（此时Server容器的子容器没有被实例化）； 从实例化的Server容器获取Server的socket监听端口和地址，然后创建Socket对象连接启动Tomcat时创建的ServerSocket，最后向ServerSocket发送SHUTDOWN命令。根据
@Override
public void await() {
// Negative values - don't wait on port - tomcat is embedded or we just don't like ports
if( port == -2 ) {
// undocumented yet - for embedding apps that are around, alive.
return;
}
if( port==-1 ) {
try {
awaitThread = Thread.currentThread();
while(!stopAwait) {
try {
Thread.sleep( 10000 );
} catch( InterruptedException ex ) {
// continue and check the flag
}
}
} finally {
awaitThread = null;
}
return;
}
// Set up a server socket to wait on
try {
awaitSocket = new ServerSocket(port, 1,
InetAddress.getByName(address));//创建socket连接的服务端对象ServerSocket
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("StandardServer.await: create[" + address
+ ":" + port
+ "]: ", e);
return;
}
try {
awaitThread = Thread.currentThread();
// Loop waiting for a connection and a valid command
while (!stopAwait) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = awaitSocket;
if (serverSocket == null) {
break;
}
// Wait for the next connection
Socket socket = null;
StringBuilder command = new StringBuilder();//创建一个对象循环接收socket中的字符
try {
InputStream stream;
long acceptStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
socket = serverSocket.accept();
socket.setSoTimeout(10 * 1000); // Ten seconds
stream = socket.getInputStream();
} catch (SocketTimeoutException ste) {
// This should never happen but bug 56684 suggests that
// it does.
log.warn(sm.getString("standardServer.accept.timeout",
Long.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis() - acceptStartTime)), ste);
continue;
} catch (AccessControlException ace) {
log.warn("StandardServer.accept security exception: "
+ ace.getMessage(), ace);
continue;
} catch (IOException e) {
if (stopAwait) {
// Wait was aborted with socket.close()
break;
}
log.error("StandardServer.await: accept: ", e);
break;
}
// Read a set of characters from the socket
int expected = 1024; // Cut off to avoid DoS attack
while (expected < shutdown.length()) {
if (random == null)
random = new Random();
expected += (random.nextInt() % 1024);
}
while (expected > 0) {
int ch = -1;
try {
ch = stream.read();
} catch (IOException e) {
log.warn("StandardServer.await: read: ", e);
ch = -1;
}
if (ch < 32) // Control character or EOF terminates loop
break;
command.append((char) ch);
expected--;
}
} finally {
// Close the socket now that we are done with it
try {
if (socket != null) {
socket.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// Ignore
}
}
// Match against our command string
boolean match = command.toString().equals(shutdown);
if (match) { //如果接收到的命令与SHUTDOWN匹配（由于使用了equals，所以shutdown命令必须是大写的），那么退出循环等待
log.info(sm.getString("standardServer.shutdownViaPort"));
break;
} else
log.warn("StandardServer.await: Invalid command '"
+ command.toString() + "' received");
}
} finally {
ServerSocket serverSocket = awaitSocket;
awaitThread = null;
awaitSocket = null;
// Close the server socket and return
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// Ignore
}
}
}
}
内容，ServerSocket循环等待接收到SHUTDOWN命令后，最终调用stop方法停止Tomcat。
最后，我们看看Catalina的stop方法的实现，其执行步骤如下：
-
将启动过程中添加的关闭钩子移除。Tomcat启动过程辛辛苦苦添加的关闭钩子为什么又要去掉呢？因为关闭钩子是为了在JVM异常退出后，进行资源的回收工作。主动停止Tomcat时调用的stop方法里已经包含了资源回收的内容，所以不再需要这个钩子了。
-
停止Server容器。有关容器的停止内容，请阅读后续文章。
-
代码清单：
/** * Stop an existing server instance.**** */ public void stop() { try { // Remove the ShutdownHook first so that server.stop() // doesn't get invoked twice if (useShutdownHook) { Runtime.getRuntime().removeShutdownHook(shutdownHook);//将启动过程中添加的关闭钩子移除 // If JULI is being used, re-enable JULI's shutdown to ensure // log messages are not lost LogManager logManager = LogManager.getLogManager(); if (logManager instanceof ClassLoaderLogManager) { ((ClassLoaderLogManager) logManager).setUseShutdownHook( true); } } } catch (Throwable t) { ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t); // This will fail on JDK 1.2. Ignoring, as Tomcat can run // fine without the shutdown hook. } // Shut down the server try { Server s = getServer(); LifecycleState state = s.getState(); if (LifecycleState.STOPPING_PREP.compareTo(state) <= 0 && LifecycleState.DESTROYED.compareTo(state) >= 0) { // Nothing to do. stop() was already called } else { s.stop();//停止Server容器。 s.destroy(); } } catch (LifecycleException e) { log.error("Catalina.stop", e); } }
总结：
通过对Tomcat源码的分析我们了解到Tomcat的启动和停止都离不开org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap。 当停止Tomcat时，已经启动的Tomcat作为socket服务端，停止脚本启动的Bootstrap进程作为socket客户端向服务端发送shutdown命令 ，两个进程通过共享server.xml里Server标签的端口以及地址信息打通了socket的通信。
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