步骤：

（1）步骤1：配置路由器R1

R1(config)#router ospf 1

R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1

R1(config-router)#network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.255 area 0

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

（2）步骤2：配置路由器R2

R2(config)#router ospf 1

R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2

R2(config-router)#network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.255 area 0

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

（3）步骤3：配置路由器R3

R3(config)#router ospf 1

R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3

R3(config-router)#network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.255 area 0

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

（4）步骤4：配置路由器R4

R4(config)#router ospf 1

R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4

R4(config-router)#network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.255 area 0

R4(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

（2）show ip ospf neighbor：查看ospf邻居关系

R1#show ip ospf neighbor

 

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface

2.2.2.2           1   FULL/BDR        00:00:36    192.168.1.2     Ethernet0/0

3.3.3.3           1   FULL/DROTHER    00:00:39    192.168.1.3     Ethernet0/0

4.4.4.4           1   FULL/DROTHER    00:00:39    192.168.1.4     Ethernet0/0

以上输出表明在该广播多路访问网络中，R1 是DR,R2 是BDR,R3 和R4 为DROTHER。

【技术要点】

（1）为了避免路由器之间建立完全邻接关系而引起的大量开销，OSPF 要求在多路访问的网络中选举一个DR，每个路由器都与之建立邻接关系。选举DR 的同时也选举出一个BDR，在DR 失效的时候，BDR 担负起DR 的职责，而且所有其它路由器只与DR 和BDR 建立邻接关系；

（2）DR 和BDR 有它们自己的组播地址224.0.0.6；

（3）DR 和BDR 的选举是以各个网络为基础的，也就是说DR 和BDR 选举是一个路由器的接口特性，而不是整个路由器的特性；

（4）DR 选举的原则：

① 首要因素是时间，最先启动的路由器被选举成DR；

② 如果同时启动，或者重新选举，则看接口优先级（范围为0-255），优先级最高的被选举成DR，默认情况下，多路访问网络的接口优先级为1，点到点网络接口优先级为0，修改接口优先级的命令是“ ip ospf priority”，如果接口的优先级被设置为0，那么该接口将不参与DR 选举；

③ 如果前两者相同，最后看路由器ID，路由器ID 最高的被选举成DR；

（5）DR 选举是非抢占的，除非人为地重新选举。重新选举DR 的方法有两种，一是路由器重新启动，二是执行“clear ip ospf process”命令。

（3）debug ip ospf adj：显示OSPF 邻接关系创建或中断的过程

R2#debug ip ospf adj

OSPF adjacency events debugging is on

R2#clear ip ospf process

Reset ALL OSPF processes? [no]: y

*Mar  1 00:18:23.543: OSPF: Interface Ethernet0/0 going Down

*Mar  1 00:18:23.543: OSPF: 2.2.2.2 address 192.168.1.2 on Ethernet0/0 is dead,

state DOWN

*Mar  1 00:18:23.543: OSPF: Neighbor change Event on interface Ethernet0/0

*Mar  1 00:18:23.543: OSPF: DR/BDR election on Ethernet0/0

*Mar  1 00:18:23.547: OSPF: Elect BDR 4.4.4.4

*Mar  1 00:18:23.547: OSPF: Elect DR 1.1.1.1

*Mar  1 00:18:23.547: OSPF: Elect BDR 4.4.4.4

*Mar  1 00:18:23.547: OSPF: Elect DR 1.1.1.1

*Mar  1 00:18:23.547:        DR: 1.1.1.1 (Id)   BDR: 4.4.4.4 (Id)

*Mar  1 00:18:23.551: OSPF: Reset adjacency with 3.3.3.3 on Ethernet0/0, state 2

WAY

*Mar  1 00:18:23.551: OSPF: 1.1.1.1 address 192.168.1.1 on Ethernet0/0 is dead,

state DOWN

*Mar  1 00:18:23.551: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Ethernet0/0 from

 FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached

*Mar  1 00:18:23.555: OSPF: Neighbor change Event on interface Ethernet0/0

*Mar  1 00:18:23.555: OSPF: DR/BDR election on Ethernet0/0

*Mar  1 00:18:23.555: OSPF: Elect BDR 4.4.4.4

*Mar  1 00:18:28.803: OSPF: Rcv LS UPD from 1.1.1.1 on Ethernet0/0 length 76 LSA

 count 100:18:23.555:        DR: 4.4.4.4 (Id)   BDR: 4.4.4.4 (Id)

*Mar  1 00:18:29.127: OSPF: Rcv LS UPD from 1.1.1.1 on Ethernet0/0 length 76 LSA

 count 100:18:23.559: OSPF: 3.3.3.3 address 192.168.1.3 on Ethernet0/0 is dead,

*Mar  1 00:18:29.179: OSPF: Rcv LS UPD from 4.4.4.4 on Ethernet0/0 length 76 LSA

 count 100:18:23.559: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on Ethernet0/0 from

*Mar  1 00:18:29.571: OSPF: Build router LSA for area 0, router ID 2.2.2.2, seq

0x80000004:18:23.559: OSPF: Neighbor change Event on interface Ethernet0/0

*Mar  1 00:18:29.611: OSPF: Rcv LS UPD from 1.1.1.1 on Ethernet0/0 length 76 LSA

 count 100:18:23.563: OSPF: Elect BDR 4.4.4.4

*Mar  1 00:18:31.475: %CDP-4-DUPLEX_MISMATCH: duplex mismatch discovered on Ethe

rnet0/0 (not full duplex), with Router FastEthernet0/2 (full duplex).

*Mar  1 00:18:23.563: OSPF: 4.4.4.4 address 192.168.1.4 on Ethernet0/0 is dead,

state DOWN

*Mar  1 00:18:23.567: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 4.4.4.4 on Ethernet0/0 from

 FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached

*Mar  1 00:18:23.567: OSPF: Neighbor change Event on interface Ethernet0/0

*Mar  1 00:18:23.567: OSPF: DR/BDR election on Ethernet0/0

*Mar  1 00:18:23.571: OSPF: Elect BDR 0.0.0.0

*Mar  1 00:18:23.571: OSPF: Elect DR 0.0.0.0

*Mar  1 00:18:23.571:        DR: none    BDR: none

*Mar  1 00:18:23.571: OSPF: Remember old DR 4.4.4.4 (id)

*Mar  1 00:18:23.571: OSPF: Interface Loopback0 going Down

*Mar  1 00:18:23.575: OSPF: 2.2.2.2 address 2.2.2.2 on Loopback0 is dead, state

DOWN

*Mar  1 00:18:23.655: OSPF: Interface Ethernet0/0 going Up

*Mar  1 00:18:23.655: OSPF: Interface Loopback0 going Up

*Mar  1 00:18:23.675: OSPF: 2 Way Communication to 4.4.4.4 on Ethernet0/0, state

 2WAY

*Mar  1 00:18:23.679: OSPF: Backup seen Event before WAIT timer on Ethernet0/0

*Mar  1 00:18:23.679: OSPF: DR/BDR election on Ethernet0/0

*Mar  1 00:18:23.679: OSPF: Elect BDR 4.4.4.4

*Mar  1 00:18:23.679: OSPF: Elect DR 4.4.4.4

*Mar  1 00:18:23.679:        DR: 4.4.4.4 (Id)   BDR: 4.4.4.4 (Id)

*Mar  1 00:18:23.683: OSPF: Send DBD to 4.4.4.4 on Ethernet0/0 seq 0xE02 opt 0x5

2 flag 0x7 len 32

*Mar  1 00:18:23.683: OSPF: 2 Way Communication to 1.1.1.1 on Ethernet0/0, state

 2WAY

*Mar  1 00:18:23.687: OSPF: Neighbor change Event on interface Ethernet0/0

*Mar  1 00:18:23.687: OSPF: DR/BDR election on Ethernet0/0

*Mar  1 00:18:23.687: OSPF: Elect BDR 4.4.4.4

*Mar  1 00:18:23.687: OSPF: Elect DR 1.1.1.1

*Mar  1 00:18:23.687:        DR: 1.1.1.1 (Id)   BDR: 4.4.4.4 (Id)

*Mar  1 00:18:23.691: OSPF: Send DBD to 1.1.1.1 on Ethernet0/0 seq 0x224A opt 0x

52 flag 0x7 len 32

*Mar  1 00:18:23.691: OSPF: Remember old DR 4.4.4.4 (id)

*Mar  1 00:18:23.691: OSPF: Neighbor change Event on interface Ethernet0/0

*Mar  1 00:18:23.691: OSPF: DR/BDR election on Ethernet0/0

*Mar  1 00:18:23.695: OSPF: Elect BDR 4.4.4.4

*Mar  1 00:18:23.695: OSPF: Elect DR 1.1.1.1

*Mar  1 00:18:23.695:        DR: 1.1.1.1 (Id)   BDR: 4.4.4.4 (Id)

*Mar  1 00:18:23.695: OSPF: 2 Way Communication to 3.3.3.3 on Ethernet0/0, state

 2WAY

*Mar  1 00:18:23.699: OSPF: Neighbor change Event on interface Ethernet0/0

*Mar  1 00:18:23.699: OSPF: DR/BDR election on Ethernet0/0

*Mar  1 00:18:23.699: OSPF: Elect BDR 4.4.4.4

*Mar  1 00:18:23.699: OSPF: Elect DR 1.1.1.1

*Mar  1 00:18:23.699:        DR: 1.1.1.1 (Id)   BDR: 4.4.4.4 (Id)

*Mar  1 00:18:23.703: OSPF: Neighbor change Event on interface Ethernet0/0

*Mar  1 00:18:23.703: OSPF: DR/BDR election on Ethernet0/0

*Mar  1 00:18:23.703: OSPF: Elect BDR 4.4.4.4

*Mar  1 00:18:23.703: OSPF: Elect DR 1.1.1.1

*Mar  1 00:18:23.703:        DR: 1.1.1.1 (Id)   BDR: 4.4.4.4 (Id)

*Mar  1 00:18:23.719: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 4.4.4.4 on Ethernet0/0 seq 0xD85 opt 0x

以上的输出表明：

① DR 重新选举的过程和结果，新的DR 是R1，BDR 是R4；

② 在OSPF 邻接关系建立的过程中，接口的状态的变化包括DOWN、2 Way、EXSTART、

EXCHANGE、Loading 和FULL。