本程序采用JAVA语言实现了线性表的链式实现。首先定义了线性表的接口ListInterface,然后LList类实现了ListInterface完成了链表的实现。
本实现中,链表是不带表头结点的,且有一个指针始终指向链表中的第一个元素,并没有定义尾指针。因此,每次向链表中插入新结点时需要遍历链表一次。
更详细的解释参考《数据结构与算法分析 JAVA语言描述第二版》Frank M. Carrano 著
ListInterface接口的定义如下:
public interface ListInterface<T> { public boolean add(T newEntry); public boolean add(int givenPosition, T newEntry); public void clear(); public T remove(int givenPosition); public boolean replace(int givenPosition, T newEntry); public T getEntry(int givenPosition); public boolean contains(T anEntry); public int getLength(); public boolean isEmpty(); public void display(); }
具体的实现类LList定义如下:
public class LList<T> implements ListInterface<T>{ private Node firstNode;//指向第一个结点的指针,该链表是不带头结点的单链表 private int length;//表示单链表的长度 //Node类中不需要定义访问属性的get方法以及set方法,因为Node是内部类,内部类的属性可以直接在外部类中被访问 class Node{ //Node是内部类,其外部类中已经定义了T,故可以在这里使用通配符T private T data;//结点的数据部分 private Node next;//结点的指针部分,指向下一个结点 //Node类中不需要默认构造器 public Node(T dataPortion){ data = dataPortion; } public Node(T dataPortion, Node nextNode){ data = dataPortion; next = nextNode; } } public LList(){ clear(); } //获取链表中指定位置处的结点 private Node getNodeAt(int givenPosition){ assert (!isEmpty() && ((1 <= givenPosition) && (givenPosition <= length))); Node currentNode = firstNode; for(int counter = 1; counter < givenPosition; counter++){ currentNode = currentNode.next; } assert currentNode != null; return currentNode; } @Override public boolean add(T newEntry) { // 将每个新结点插入到链表的末尾,通过getNodeAt()方法来获得最后一个元素的地址 Node newNode = new Node(newEntry); if(isEmpty()){//插入第一个结点 firstNode = newNode; } else{//在其它位置插入结点 Node lastNode = getNodeAt(length);//这里每插入一个元素都需要遍历一次链表,代价较大 lastNode.next = newNode; } length++; return true; } @Override public boolean add(int givenPosition, T newEntry){//在指定位置处插入结点 boolean isSuccessful = true; if(givenPosition >= 1 && givenPosition <= length + 1){ Node newNode = new Node(newEntry); if(isEmpty() || givenPosition == 1){//在第一个位置处插入结点 newNode.next = firstNode; firstNode = newNode; } else{//在其它位置插入结点 Node nodeBefore = getNodeAt(givenPosition - 1); Node nodeAfter = nodeBefore.next; nodeBefore.next = newNode; newNode.next = nodeAfter; } length++; } else isSuccessful = false; return isSuccessful; } @Override public final void clear() {//clear()在构造器中被调用了,所以用final修饰 firstNode = null; length = 0; } @Override public T remove(int givenPosition) {//删除指定位置处的结点 T result = null; if((!isEmpty()) && ((givenPosition >= 1) && (givenPosition <= length))){ if(givenPosition == 1){//删除第一个位置处的结点 result = firstNode.data; firstNode = firstNode.next; } else//删除表中其它位置结点 { Node nodeBefore = getNodeAt(givenPosition - 1); Node nodeToRemove = nodeBefore.next; Node nodeAfter = nodeToRemove.next; nodeBefore.next = nodeAfter; result = nodeToRemove.data; } length--; } return result; } @Override public boolean replace(int givenPosition, T newEntry) {//替换指定位置处结点的值 boolean isSuccessful = true; if((!isEmpty()) && ((givenPosition >= 1) && (givenPosition <= length))){ Node desireNode = getNodeAt(givenPosition); desireNode.data = newEntry; } else isSuccessful = false; return isSuccessful; } @Override public T getEntry(int givenPosition) {//获取指定位置的结点的值 T result = null; if((!isEmpty()) && ((givenPosition >= 1) && (givenPosition <= length))){ result = getNodeAt(givenPosition).data; } return result; } @Override public boolean contains(T anEntry) {//判断链表中的结点是否包含某个值 boolean found = false; Node currentNode = firstNode; while(!found && currentNode != null){ if(currentNode.data.equals(anEntry)){ found = true; break; } currentNode = currentNode.next; } return found; } @Override public int getLength() {//获取链表的长度 return length; } @Override public boolean isEmpty() {//判断链表是否为空 boolean result; if(length == 0){ assert firstNode == null; result = true; } else{ assert firstNode != null; result = false; } return result; } @Override public void display() {//遍历链表,显示链表中的每个结点的值 Node currentNode = firstNode; while(currentNode != null){ System.out.println(currentNode.data); currentNode = currentNode.next; } } }