EOS多索引表使用指南

看到了一片文章，EOS多索引表的使用指南，感觉还是挺好的，所以拿出来分享一下。

词汇表

code :是指已公布智能合约的account_name。

scope:account_name所涉及数据范围。

table_name: 存储在内存中的表的名称。

代码分解

要存储的结构

要在多索引表中存储的数据是limit_order结构。primary_key()，get_expiration()，get_price()函数用于返回表。返回的表将根据调用的函数排序。

struct limit_order {
uint64_t id;
uint128_t price;
uint64_t expiration;
account_name owner;
auto primary_key() const { return id; }
uint64_t get_expiration() const { return expiration; }
uint128_t get_price() const { return price; }
EOSLIB_SERIALIZE( limit_order, ( id )( price )( expiration )( owner ) )
};

建一个多索引表

auto payer = ilm.get_account();...
payer是保存帐户的变量，它将账单元素添加到多索引表中，并修改已经在多索引表中的元素。
...
eosio::multi_index< N( orders ), limit_order, ...
N(orders)是多索引表的名称，limit_order是要存储在表中的数据。
...
indexed_by< N( byexp ), const_mem_fun< limit_order, uint64_t,
&limit_order::get_expiration> >,...
indexed_by< N( byexp ), const_mem_fun< limit_order, uint64_t, &limit_order::get_expiration> >定义了多索引表的索引方式。N(byexp)是这个索引的名称。const_mem_fun表示正在查询的数据类型、limit_order的变量的类型是uint64_t，将使用get_expiration函数获取变量。
...
indexed_by< N( byprice ), const_mem_fun< limit_order, uint128_t, &limit_order::get_price> >...
indexed_by< N( byprice ), const_mem_fun< limit_order, uint128_t, &limit_order::get_price> >定义了多索引表的索引方式。N(byprice)是这个索引的名称。const_mem_fun表示正在查询的数据类型、limit_order的变量的类型是uint128_t，将使用get_price函数获取变量。
orders( N( limitorders ), N( limitorders )
orders即是多索引表。
auto payer = ilm.get_account();
print("Creating multi index table 'orders'.n");eosio::multi_index< N( orders ), limit_order,
indexed_by< N( byexp ), const_mem_fun< limit_order, uint64_t, &limit_order::get_expiration> >,
indexed_by< N( byprice ), const_mem_fun< limit_order, uint128_t, &limit_order::get_price> >

> orders( N( limitorders ), N( limitorders ) );

添加多索引表

下面，将两个limit_order添加到orders表中。请注意，payer是正在修改orders表的“账单”帐户。
orders.emplace( payer, & {
o.id = 1;
o.expiration = 300;
o.owner = N(dan);
});
auto order2 = orders.emplace( payer, & {
o.id = 2;
o.expiration = 200;
o.owner = N(thomas);
});

按照主键排序

默认的orders表按照主键排序。

print("Items sorted by primary key:n");for( const auto& item : orders ) {
print(" ID=", item.id, ", expiration=", item.expiration, ", owner=", name{item.owner}, "n");
}

按第二索引expiration排序

orders表通过expiration进行排序并分配给expidx。
auto expidx = orders.get_index<N(byexp)>();
print("Items sorted by expiration:n");for( const auto& item : expidx ) {
print(" ID=", item.id, ", expiration=", item.expiration, ", owner=", name{item.owner}, "n");
}

按第二索引price排序

orders表通过price进行排序并分配给oridx。
auto pridx = orders.get_index<N(byprice)>();
print("Items sorted by price:n");for( const auto& item : pridx ) {
print(" ID=", item.id, ", expiration=", item.expiration, ", owner=", name{item.owner}, "n");
}

修改一个输入值

下面，“ID＝2”的条目被修改。请注意，payer是正在修改orders表的“账单”帐户。
print("Modifying expiration of order with ID=2 to 400.n");
orders.modify( order2, payer, & {
o.expiration = 400;
});

得到一个最小值

auto lower = expidx.lower_bound(100);
print("First order with an expiration of at least 100 has ID=", lower->id, " and expiration=", lower->get_expiration(), "n");

完整的.cpp文件

include <eosiolib/eosio.hpp>#include <eosiolib/dispatcher.hpp>#include <eosiolib/multi_index.hpp>

using namespace eosio;
namespace limit_order_table {

struct limit_order {
    uint64_t     id;
    uint128_t    price;
    uint64_t     expiration;
    account_name owner;
    auto primary_key() const { return id; }
    uint64_t get_expiration() const { return expiration; }

uint128_t get_price() const { return price;
}
EOSLIB_SERIALIZE( limit_order, ( id )( price )( expiration )( owner ) )

};

class limit_order_table {
public:
ACTION( N( limitorders ), issue_limit_order ) {
EOSLIB_SERIALIZE( issue_limit_order )

    };

static void on( const issue_limit_order& ilm ) {
auto payer = ilm.get_account();
print("Creating multi index table 'orders'.n");
eosio::multi_index< N( orders ), limit_order,
indexed_by< N( byexp ), const_mem_fun< limit_order, uint64_t, &limit_order::get_expiration> >,
indexed_by< N( byprice ), const_mem_fun< limit_order, uint128_t, &limit_order::get_price> >

orders( N( limitorders ), N( limitorders ) );

        orders.emplace( payer, [&]( auto& o ) {
            o.id = 1;
            o.expiration = 300;
            o.owner = N(dan);
        });
        auto order2 = orders.emplace( payer, [&]( auto& o ) {
            o.id = 2;
            o.expiration = 200;
            o.owner = N(thomas);
        });
        print("Items sorted by primary key:\n");
        for( const auto& item : orders ) {
            print(" ID=", item.id, ", expiration=", item.expiration, ", owner=", name{item.owner}, "\n");
        }
        auto expidx = orders.get_index<N(byexp)>();
        print("Items sorted by expiration:\n");
        for( const auto& item : expidx ) {
            print(" ID=", item.id, ", expiration=", item.expiration, ", owner=", name{item.owner}, "\n");
        }
        auto pridx = orders.get_index<N(byprice)>();
        print("Items sorted by price:\n");
        for( const auto& item : pridx ) {
            print(" ID=", item.id, ", expiration=", item.expiration, ", owner=", name{item.owner}, "\n");
        }
        print("Modifying expiration of order with ID=2 to 400.\n");
        orders.modify( order2, payer, [&]( auto& o ) {
            o.expiration = 400;
        });
        auto lower = expidx.lower_bound(100);
        print("First order with an expiration of at least 100 has ID=", lower->id, " and expiration=", lower->get_expiration(), "\n");

};
} /// limit_order_table
namespace limit_order_table {
extern "C" {

of events to this contract
  void apply( uint64_t code, uint64_t action ) {
     require_auth( code );
     eosio_assert( eosio::dispatch< limit_order_table, limit_order_table::issue_limit_order >( code, action ), "Could not dispatch" );
  }

}
}

删除表

表不能直接删除，但是，在删除所有行之后，表将自动删除。