写在前面：
ansible是一个非常棒的运维工具，可以远程批量执行命令、上传文件等自动化运维操作，由于要搞配置管理，初始化等批量操作，而自己对ansible相对熟悉,因此选择了ansible playbook。
不过在调用playbook api的过程中，发现原始api并不能满足我的需求，网络上多数文档还是1.0版本，因此下载了2.0源码查看，重写了部分类。因此这里总结学习，也给有相同需求的朋友参考
ansible-playbook使用
一、ansible-playbook简单介绍
playbook字面意思看就是剧本，其实也很形象，ansible-playbook就是事先定义好很多task(任务)放在.yml文件中，执行的时候就像剧本一样，依次往下演(执行)
#/tmp/xx.yml
---
- hosts: all #hosts中指定
tasks:
- name: "ls /tmp" #- name:任务名称,下面是任务过程
shell: 'ls /tmp/'ansible-playbook执行:
二、ansible-playbook api介绍
ansible-playbook api由ansible官方提供接口，用于在python代码中更灵活的使用，但官方只提供了ansible-api的参考文档,且2.0以后变化较大，api编写更复杂，但更为灵活
官方参考: http://docs.ansible.com/ansib...
一个基本的ansible-playbook api调用
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 描述:
# V1 WZJ 2016-12-20
from collections import namedtuple
from ansible.parsing.dataloader import DataLoader
from ansible.vars import VariableManager
from ansible.inventory import Inventory
from ansible.executor.playbook_executor import PlaybookExecutor
# 用来加载解析yaml文件或JSON内容,并且支持vault的解密
loader = DataLoader()
# 管理变量的类，包括主机，组，扩展等变量，之前版本是在 inventory中的
variable_manager = VariableManager()
# 根据inventory加载对应变量,此处host_list参数可以有两种格式：
# 1: hosts文件(需要),
# 2: 可以是IP列表,此处使用IP列表
inventory = Inventory(loader=loader, variable_manager=variable_manager,host_list=['172.16.1.121'])
variable_manager.set_inventory(inventory)
# 设置密码,需要是dict类型
passwords=dict(conn_pass='your password')
# 初始化需要的对象
Options = namedtuple('Options',
['connection',
'remote_user',
'ask_sudo_pass',
'verbosity',
'ack_pass',
'module_path',
'forks',
'become',
'become_method',
'become_user',
'check',
'listhosts',
'listtasks',
'listtags',
'syntax',
'sudo_user',
'sudo'])
# 初始化需要的对象
options = Options(connection='smart',
remote_user='root',
ack_pass=None,
sudo_user='root',
forks=5,
sudo='yes',
ask_sudo_pass=False,
verbosity=5,
module_path=None,
become=True,
become_method='sudo',
become_user='root',
check=None,
listhosts=None,
listtasks=None,
listtags=None,
syntax=None)
# playbooks就填写yml文件即可,可以有多个,以列表形式
playbook = PlaybookExecutor(playbooks=['/tmp/xx.yml'],inventory=inventory,
variable_manager=variable_manager,
loader=loader,options=options,passwords=passwords)
# 开始执行
playbook.run()执行上面脚本：
可以发现,这个api调用执行虽然成功了，但是并没有什么详细输出(这个跟一个名叫CallbackBase的类有关)
重写palybook api
1 为什么重写？
在实际应用中，有许多地方是不太满足需求的
1.比如inventory有host group(主机组)的概念，但是默认都放在all组里面去了，导致在编写yml的时候，无法对不同IP组进行不同的操作
2.console输出结果有时候需要自定义
3.调用api需要更为灵活
当然除了以上需求外，还有一些其它意义，比如阅读源码有助于熟悉ansible的工作方式，也提升自己的脚本能力
注意：所谓重写只是在源码的基础上继承并修改了部分代码，有可能导致ansible不稳定的情况，另外只有在有中文注释的地方才是重写内容
2 ansible源码文件简单介绍
源码下载地址：https://github.com/ansible/an...
其实ansible我们所用到的源码都在lib里面，而需要关注的也主要是三个文件夹和一些类:
用于解析和聚合host,group等环境变量: lib/ansible/inventory/__init__.py 中
Inventory类用于console输出: lib/ansible/plugins/callback/default.py 中
CallbackModule类用于playbook的解析工作: lib/executor/playbook_executor.py 中
PlaybookExecutor类playbook底层用到的任务队列：lib/executor/task_queue_manager.py 中
TaskQueueManager类
几个重写的类的树状图：
一、Inventory类重写
1.修改可以为IP传入group name
2.额外的自定义参数，如：{"test":1000}
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 描述:
# V1 WZJ 2016-12-20 Inventory重写封装api基本功能
import fnmatch
from ansible.compat.six import string_types, iteritems
from ansible import constants as C
from ansible.errors import AnsibleError
from ansible.inventory.dir import InventoryDirectory, get_file_parser
from ansible.inventory.group import Group
from ansible.inventory.host import Host
from ansible.module_utils._text import to_bytes, to_text
from ansible.parsing.utils.addresses import parse_address
from ansible.plugins import vars_loader
from ansible.utils.vars import combine_vars
from ansible.utils.path import unfrackpath
try:
from __main__ import display
except ImportError:
from ansible.utils.display import Display
display = Display()
HOSTS_PATTERNS_CACHE = {}
from ansible.inventory import Inventory
class YunweiInventory(Inventory):
'''重写Inventory'''
def __init__(self, loader, variable_manager, group_name, ext_vars=None,host_list=C.DEFAULT_HOST_LIST):
# the host file file, or script path, or list of hosts
# if a list, inventory data will NOT be loaded
# self.host_list = unfrackpath(host_list, follow=False)
# 传入的hosts
self.host_list = host_list
# 传入的项目名也是组名
self.group_name = group_name
# 传入的外部变量,格式为字典
self.ext_vars = ext_vars
# caching to avoid repeated calculations, particularly with
# external inventory scripts.
self._vars_per_host = {}
self._vars_per_group = {}
self._hosts_cache = {}
self._pattern_cache = {}
self._group_dict_cache = {}
self._vars_plugins = []
self._basedir = self.basedir()
# Contains set of filenames under group_vars directories
self._group_vars_files = self._find_group_vars_files(self._basedir)
self._host_vars_files = self._find_host_vars_files(self._basedir)
# to be set by calling set_playbook_basedir by playbook code
self._playbook_basedir = None
# the inventory object holds a list of groups
self.groups = {}
# a list of host(names) to contain current inquiries to
self._restriction = None
self._subset = None
# clear the cache here, which is only useful if more than
# one Inventory objects are created when using the API directly
self.clear_pattern_cache()
self.clear_group_dict_cache()
self.parse_inventory(host_list)
def parse_inventory(self, host_list):
if isinstance(host_list, string_types):
if "," in host_list:
host_list = host_list.split(",")
host_list = [ h for h in host_list if h and h.strip() ]
self.parser = None
# Always create the 'all' and 'ungrouped' groups, even if host_list is
# empty: in this case we will subsequently an the implicit 'localhost' to it.
ungrouped = Group('ungrouped')
all = Group('all')
all.add_child_group(ungrouped)
# 加一个本地IP
local_group = Group('local')
# 自定义组名
zdy_group_name = Group(self.group_name)
self.groups = {self.group_name:zdy_group_name,"all":all,"ungrouped":ungrouped,"local":local_group}
#self.groups = dict(all=all, ungrouped=ungrouped)
if host_list is None:
pass
elif isinstance(host_list, list):
# 默认添加一个本地IP
(lhost, lport) = parse_address('127.0.0.1', allow_ranges=False)
new_host = Host(lhost, lport)
local_group.add_host(new_host)
for h in host_list:
try:
(host, port) = parse_address(h, allow_ranges=False)
except AnsibleError as e:
display.vvv("Unable to parse address from hostname, leaving unchanged: %s" % to_text(e))
host = h
port = None
new_host = Host(host, port)
if h in C.LOCALHOST:
# set default localhost from inventory to avoid creating an implicit one. Last localhost defined 'wins'.
if self.localhost is not None:
display.warning("A duplicate localhost-like entry was found (%s). First found localhost was %s" % (h, self.localhost.name))
display.vvvv("Set default localhost to %s" % h)
self.localhost = new_host
# 为组添加host
zdy_group_name.add_host(new_host)
# 为主机组添加额外参数
# 添加外部变量
if self.ext_vars and isinstance(self.ext_vars,dict):
for k,v in self.ext_vars.items():
zdy_group_name.set_variable(k,v)
local_group.set_variable(k,v)
elif self._loader.path_exists(host_list):
# TODO: switch this to a plugin loader and a 'condition' per plugin on which it should be tried, restoring 'inventory pllugins'
if self.is_directory(host_list):
# Ensure basedir is inside the directory
host_list = os.path.join(self.host_list, "")
self.parser = InventoryDirectory(loader=self._loader, groups=self.groups, filename=host_list)
else:
self.parser = get_file_parser(host_list, self.groups, self._loader)
vars_loader.add_directory(self._basedir, with_subdir=True)
if not self.parser:
# should never happen, but JIC
raise AnsibleError("Unable to parse %s as an inventory source" % host_list)
else:
display.warning("Host file not found: %s" % to_text(host_list))
self._vars_plugins = [ x for x in vars_loader.all(self) ]
# set group vars from group_vars/ files and vars plugins
for g in self.groups:
group = self.groups[g]
group.vars = combine_vars(group.vars, self.get_group_variables(group.name))
self.get_group_vars(group)
# get host vars from host_vars/ files and vars plugins
for host in self.get_hosts(ignore_limits=True, ignore_restrictions=True):
host.vars = combine_vars(host.vars, self.get_host_variables(host.name))
self.get_host_vars(host)
二、collback重写，用于自定义输出
1.以callback.default.CallbackModule为基类继承
2.自定义了输出格式,正确输出情况，不需要的输出就忽略了，只留下几个有用的stdout
3.最后的输出结果：
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 描述:
# V1 WZJ 2016-12-19 CallBack重写封装api基本功能,用于console输出
import json
from ansible import constants as C
from ansible.plugins.callback.default import CallbackModule
try:
from __main__ import display
except ImportError:
from ansible.utils.display import Display
display = Display()
class YunweiCallback(CallbackModule):
"""重写console输出日志"""
# 重写2.0版本正确stdout
def v2_runner_on_ok(self, result):
if self._play.strategy == 'free' and self._last_task_banner != result._task._uuid:
self._print_task_banner(result._task)
self._clean_results(result._result, result._task.action)
#delegated_vars = result._result.get('_ansible_delegated_vars', None)
delegated_vars = self._dump_results(result._result)
#delegated_vars = result._result
#n_delegated_vars = self._dump_results(result)
#print n_delegated_vars
self._clean_results(result._result, result._task.action)
if result._task.action in ('include', 'include_role'):
return
elif result._result.get('changed', False):
if delegated_vars:
# 自定义输出
zdy_msg = self.zdy_stdout(json.loads(delegated_vars))
if zdy_msg:
msg = "changed: [%s]%s" % (result._host.get_name(), zdy_msg)
else:
msg = "changed: [%s -> %s]" % (result._host.get_name(), delegated_vars)
else:
msg = "changed: [%s]" % result._host.get_name()
color = C.COLOR_CHANGED
# 判断是否是第一步 setup
elif result._result.get('ansible_facts',False):
msg = "ok: [ %s | %s ]" % (str(result._host),str(result._host.get_groups()))
color = C.COLOR_OK
else:
if delegated_vars:
# 自定义输出
zdy_msg = self.zdy_stdout(json.loads(delegated_vars))
if zdy_msg:
msg = "ok: [%s]%s" % (result._host.get_name(), zdy_msg)
else:
msg = "ok: [%s -> %s]" % (result._host.get_name(), delegated_vars)
else:
msg = "ok: [%s]" % result._host.get_name()
color = C.COLOR_OK
if result._task.loop and 'results' in result._result:
self._process_items(result)
else:
self._display.display(msg, color=color)
self._handle_warnings(result._result)
# 自定义输出,格式清晰一些
def zdy_stdout(self,result):
msg = ''
if result.get('delta',False):
msg += u'\t执行时间:%s'%result['delta']
if result.get('cmd', False):
msg += u'\n执行命令:%s'%result['cmd']
if result.get('stderr',False):
msg += u'\n错误输出:\n%s'%result['stderr']
if result.get('stdout',False):
msg += u'\n正确输出:\n%s'%result['stdout']
if result.get('warnings',False):
msg += u'\n警告:%s'%result['warnings']
return msg
三、封装PlaybookExecutor
1.封装为更容易调用的playbook api调用
2.定制化一部分参数
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 描述:
# V1 WZJ 2016-12-19 PlayBook重写封装api基本功能
import json
from ansible import constants as C
from collections import namedtuple
from ansible.parsing.dataloader import DataLoader
from ansible.vars import VariableManager
from ansible.playbook.play import Play
from ansible.executor.task_queue_manager import TaskQueueManager
from ansible.executor.playbook_executor import PlaybookExecutor
from callback import YunweiCallback
from ansible.utils.ssh_functions import check_for_controlpersist
# 调用自定义Inventory
from inventory import YunweiInventory as Inventory
try:
from __main__ import display
except ImportError:
from ansible.utils.display import Display
display = Display()
class YunweiPlaybookExecutor(PlaybookExecutor):
'''重写PlayBookExecutor'''
def __init__(self, playbooks, inventory, variable_manager, loader, options, passwords, stdout_callback=None):
self._playbooks = playbooks
self._inventory = inventory
self._variable_manager = variable_manager
self._loader = loader
self._options = options
self.passwords = passwords
self._unreachable_hosts = dict()
if options.listhosts or options.listtasks or options.listtags or options.syntax:
self._tqm = None
else:
self._tqm = TaskQueueManager(inventory=inventory, variable_manager=variable_manager, loader=loader, options=options, passwords=self.passwords, stdout_callback=stdout_callback)
# Note: We run this here to cache whether the default ansible ssh
# executable supports control persist. Sometime in the future we may
# need to enhance this to check that ansible_ssh_executable specified
# in inventory is also cached. We can't do this caching at the point
# where it is used (in task_executor) because that is post-fork and
# therefore would be discarded after every task.
check_for_controlpersist(C.ANSIBLE_SSH_EXECUTABLE)
class PlayBookJob(object):
'''封装一个playbook接口,提供给外部使用'''
def __init__(self,playbooks,host_list,ssh_user='bbs',passwords='null',project_name='all',ack_pass=False,forks=5,ext_vars=None):
self.playbooks = playbooks
self.host_list = host_list
self.ssh_user = ssh_user
self.passwords = dict(vault_pass=passwords)
self.project_name = project_name
self.ack_pass = ack_pass
self.forks = forks
self.connection='smart'
self.ext_vars = ext_vars
## 用来加载解析yaml文件或JSON内容,并且支持vault的解密
self.loader = DataLoader()
# 管理变量的类，包括主机，组，扩展等变量，之前版本是在 inventory中的
self.variable_manager = VariableManager()
# 根据inventory加载对应变量
self.inventory = Inventory(loader=self.loader,
variable_manager=self.variable_manager,
group_name=self.project_name, # 项目名对应组名,区分当前执行的内容
ext_vars=self.ext_vars,
host_list=self.host_list)
self.variable_manager.set_inventory(self.inventory)
# 初始化需要的对象1
self.Options = namedtuple('Options',
['connection',
'remote_user',
'ask_sudo_pass',
'verbosity',
'ack_pass',
'module_path',
'forks',
'become',
'become_method',
'become_user',
'check',
'listhosts',
'listtasks',
'listtags',
'syntax',
'sudo_user',
'sudo'
])
# 初始化需要的对象2
self.options = self.Options(connection=self.connection,
remote_user=self.ssh_user,
ack_pass=self.ack_pass,
sudo_user=self.ssh_user,
forks=self.forks,
sudo='yes',
ask_sudo_pass=False,
verbosity=5,
module_path=None,
become=True,
become_method='sudo',
become_user='root',
check=None,
listhosts=None,
listtasks=None,
listtags=None,
syntax=None
)
# 初始化console输出
self.callback = YunweiCallback()
# 直接开始
self.run()
def run(self):
pb = None
pb = YunweiPlaybookExecutor(
playbooks = self.playbooks,
inventory = self.inventory,
variable_manager = self.variable_manager,
loader = self.loader,
options = self.options,
passwords = self.passwords,
stdout_callback = self.callback
)
result = pb.run()
# daemo
if __name__ == "__main__":
PlayBookJob(playbooks=['xx.yml'],
host_list=['10.45.176.2'],
ssh_user='root',
project_name="test",
forks=20,
ext_vars=None
)
参考：
ansible-api官方文档：http://docs.ansible.com/ansib...
一个非常好的ansible2.0 api调用文档，相见恨晚：https://serversforhackers.com...
ansible源码：https://github.com/ansible/an...
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