一、在下列情况下，可使用静态路由：
 
1、链路的带宽较低（如拨号链路），不希望它们传输动态路由选择更新。
2、管理员想完全控制路由器使用的路由。
3、需要为动态路由提供一条备用路由。
4、前往只有一条路径可以到达的网络（末节网络）时。
5、路由器不够强大，没有足够的CPU或内存资源来运行动态路由选择协议。
6、需要让路由器看来，路由是一个直连网络。
 
二、配置静态路由：
 
1、网络拓扑：
 
 
2、RA的配置如下：
 
Router(config)#hostname RA
RA(config)#interface ethernet 0/0
RA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
RA(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
RA(config-if)#exit
 
RA(config)#interface serial 0
RA(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.252
RA(config-if)#clock rate 64000
RA(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
RA(config-if)#exit
 
RA(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.2
RA(config)#exit
RA#copy running-config startup-config
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]
 
===================================================================
 
3、RB的配置如下：
 
Router(config)#hostname RB
RB(config)#interface ethernet 0/0
RB(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
RB(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
RB(config-if)#exit
 
RB(config)#interface serial 0
RB(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.252
RB(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
RB(config-if)#exit
 
RB(config)#ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.1
RB(config)#exit
RB#copy run start
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]
 
===================================================================
 
4、验证以上配置：
 
RA：
 
RA#show ip route 
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
       U - per-user static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C    192.168.20.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0
     10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       10.10.10.0 is directly connected, Serial0
S    192.168.10.0 [1/0] via 10.10.10.2
 
RA#ping 192.168.10.1 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
 
RA#ping 192.168.20.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.20.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
 
RA#ping 10.10.10.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
 
RA#ping 10.10.10.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
 
RB：
 
RB#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
       U - per-user static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C    192.168.10.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0
     10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       10.10.10.0 is directly connected, Serial0
S    192.168.20.0 [1/0] via 10.10.10.1
 
RB#ping 192.168.20.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.20.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
 
RB#ping 192.168.10.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
 
RB#ping 10.10.10.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
 
RB#ping 10.10.10.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms