静态路由(static route)

静态路由(static route)

路由表的三种来源

1. 直连路由: 设备自动发现,手动配置或者通过动态路由协议生成.我们把设备自动发现的路由信息称为直连路由
2. 静态路由: 把手动配置的路由信息称为静态路由
3. 动态路由: 把网络设备通过运行动态路由协议而得到的路由信息称为动态路由

常见路由优先级(越小越优)

实验开始

此实验两台交换机不做配置 只做转发数据的作用

AR1

<Huawei>sy
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]int g0/0/1  //进入01端口
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 1.1.1.1 24  //给01端口配置IP地址 此IP地址作为pc1和pc2的网关地址
[Huawei]int g0/0/0  //进入00端口
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 2.2.2.1 24  //给端口配置ip地址
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q  //退出端口
[Huawei]ip route-static 3.3.3.0 24 2.2.2.2  //配置静态路由 (目标网段 目标网段的子网掩码 下一跳地址)
[Huawei]dis ip routing-table   //查看路由表 可以发现 配置的静态路由
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 11       Routes : 11       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   1.1.1.1         GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        1.1.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
      1.1.1.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        2.2.2.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   2.2.2.1         GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        2.2.2.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
      2.2.2.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.0/24  Static  60   0          RD   2.2.2.2         GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

AR2同理

<Huawei>sy
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]int g0/0/1  //进入01端口
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 3.3.3.1 24  //配置IP地址 作为pc3和pc4的网关地址
[Huawei]int g0/0/0  //进入00端口
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 2.2.2.2 24  //配置ip地址
[Huawei]ip route-static 1.1.1.0 24 2.2.2.1  //配置静态路由
[Huawei]dis ip routing-table   //查看路由表信息
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 11       Routes : 11       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.0/24  Static  60   0          RD   2.2.2.1         GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        2.2.2.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   2.2.2.2         GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        2.2.2.2/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
      2.2.2.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   3.3.3.1         GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        3.3.3.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
      3.3.3.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

测试连通性

可以看到pc1 ping通pc4 至此静态路由配置成功

默认路由(缺省路由)

不做过多介绍

如果ip报文在转发或者待转发的过程中找不到路由表当中的路由信息时就会根据默认路由来进行转发 如果也没有默认路由信息 那么这个ip报文就会被丢弃

[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 4.4.4.1  // 缺省就是不指定确定的网段 0.0.0.0 0 泛指所有网段 
[Huawei]dis ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 8        Routes : 8        

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   4.4.4.1         GigabitEthernet
0/0/0

汇总路由(将多个路由目的进行汇总)

不做过多介绍
汇总路由涉及子网划分比如 目标网段192.168.1.0/24~192.168.31./24 就可以汇总成 192.168.0.0/19

命令就是 [Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.0.0 19 4.4.4.1

浮动路由

不做过多介绍
实现简单的负载均衡 通过设置路由表的优先级来达到浮动冗余的目的

AR14

[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 1.1.1.2  //简单的静态路由
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 2.2.2.2 preference 100  //设置0端口的优先级为100 大于1口 路由器在路由数据的时候就会优先选择小的链路进行路由数据 假如1口挂掉 则会选择0口作为浮动路由的路由链路

[Huawei]dis ip routing-table protocol static // 查看路由表
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
         Destinations : 1        Routes : 2        Configured Routes : 2

Static routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 1        Routes : 1

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

    192.168.1.0/24  Static  60   0          RD   1.1.1.2         GigabitEthernet
0/0/1

Static routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 1        Routes : 1

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

    192.168.1.0/24  Static  100  0          R    2.2.2.2         GigabitEthernet
0/0/0